This open session is suitable for contributions on all aspects of ionospheric physics, including experimental, theoretical and modelling results, especially those not covered by specialized ionospheric/thermospheric sessions. Particular interest will be devoted to studies of couplings with the thermosphere or with the magnetosphere, concerning transient events, plasma waves and irregularities, as well as large-scale dynamics and long-term variations. In this regard, contributions involving multi-instrument techniques (e.g. ground-based optics and magnetometers, radio wave techniques, satellite and rocket in-situ) are encouraged.