This session is positioned at the interface between statistics and climatology and focuses on advances in estimating uncertainties in the analysis of climate time series. Possible sources of these uncertainties are in the measurements (space-time grid, analytical), the limited proxy quality and dating errors of paleo records, and, ultimately, the incomplete understanding of the various components of Earth's climate. Statistical-technical challenges to the analysis consist in non-normal distributions, autocorrelation, uneven spacing of sampling times and nonlinear relationships between climate variables. We welcome contributions dealing with those challenges in particular. Besides new methods, critical assessments of existing techniques employing real-world applications are appreciated.