Soils play a vital role in the global carbon and nitrogen cycle due to their capability to act both as sources and sinks of the three major greenhouse gases (GHG): carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). Understanding the biological, physical and chemical processes driving GHG production and consumption in soils is essential for accurately quantifying GHG fluxes between soils and the atmosphere, and predicting changes in source and sink strength under a changing climate and different land management systems. This will enable development of sustainable climate change mitigation strategies. Over the past decades, the main focus in soil GHG flux research has been on the role of plants and free-living soil microorganisms as producers and consumers of CO2, CH4 and N2O. However, soils harbour diverse macrofauna and fungal communities which also play a role in carbon and nitrogen cycling. For example, earthworms and termites have been shown to be significant N2O and CH4 emitters, respectively, due to specific microorganism groups living in their digestive tracts. Nevertheless, the quantitative importance of soil macrofauna and fungal communities remains largely unknown and has been neglected in soil GHG flux studies. This session specifically invites studies which have either measured directly GHG fluxes from soil macrofauna and soil fungi, or have studied the effect of the presence of these organisms in the soil on GHG fluxes (e.g. bioturbation, excrements as food source for microorganisms).