The 4/1000 initiative arising from the Paris Climate Agreement, as a voluntary plan under the Lima-Paris Action Agenda, now the Global Climate Action Agenda, aims to increase global levels of soil carbon by 4 parts per thousand, in an attempt to sequester significant quantities of carbon in the soil. A number of countries have signed up to the initiative. A range of management options are available in managed land to increase soil carbon levels. Whilst many of these techniques have been understood for many years, little progress has been made before 2015 on implementing soil carbon sequestration measures. In this session, we examine the policy context in which the 4/1000 initiative, or other efforts to increase soil carbon stocks, could make a substantial contribution to global soil carbon stocks, and thereby be to be used as a climate change mitigation option.