The last decade saw substantial changes in water mass transformation and associated changes in the stratification and circulation in the subpolar North Atlantic. This region is one of the key areas for the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), and plays an important role for the climate and sea level in Western Europe as well as for the anthropogenic carbon input into the deep ocean. Papers are invited who use observations and/or models to study the processes in the North Atlantic today which are relevant for past and future climate change, sea level change, and anthropogenic carbon uptake