In many regions, current use of peatlands is connected with several environmental problems. In particular, drainage for forestry and agriculture results in increased emission of greenhouse gases, increased discharge of nutrients into surface waters and reduction of biodiversity. Wise use of water-regime management mitigates the processes of subsidence, which impact on soil degradation, disappearance of peat soil, reducing of water retention, changing soil ecology, eutrophication of ground and surface waters and greenhouse gas emission, that are inherent in organic soil drainage practices should be estimated by an understanding of how the water table influences these processes. Drying and wetting of peat soils lead to the soil volume changes. These dynamic transformations of swelling and shrinkage in the soils have significant impact on chemical and biochemical pathways and physical properties in these soils and on their use potential.