The concept of the abyssal abiogenic origin of petroleum recognizes that petroleum is a primordial material of deep origin erupted into the crust of the Earth. Theoretical and experimental results confirming the possibility of the hydrocarbon genesis in the upper mantle of the Earth together with geological information which could not be explained on the basis of the biotic hypothesis of hydrocarbon genesis request an open and wide discussion. Speakers will debate arguments and contra-arguments dealing with the mantle origin of petroleum: the latest theoretical and experimental results, evidence and data confirming origin of hydrocarbons, the types of tests that could be developed to determine the origin of hydrocarbons.