Urban climate from the micro to the macroscale, urban climatology and climate trends, factors influencing urban climate and microclimate, impact of megacities on climate. Urban heat island, urban biometeorology, outdoor and indoor human comfort, heat wave hazards, heat and greenhouse gas fluxes and exchange processes between the urban surface and the boundary layer. New measurement techniques and scaling methods for the complex urban terrain.
Microscale processes related to urban landscape elements, modelling, representation of urban areas in mesoscale models of climate. Effects of urban areas on regional and global climate and future urban climate. Urban planning in relation to urban climate.