Peatlands represent the largest carbon pool in the terrestrial biosphere, storing ~600 Pg C in both high latitudes and tropical areas. These ecosystems play a key role in the global C cycle and the climate system, through CO2 sequestration and CH4 emissions. Their contribution to the climate system is ultimately dependent on their ecological function. However, we do not yet fully understand how different types of peatlands (bog vs fens; permafrost vs non permafrost) will respond to future climate changes and extreme events such as drought or fires. Additionally, little is known about the rate of change of these systems and the resilience of their surface vegetation (ex. sphagnum, sedges or ligneous species). We aim to align this session with the C-PEAT (PAGES) objectives, but furthermore invite contributions from a wide range of peatland ecologists and modellers.