Terrestrial ecosystems will respond to future changes in temperature, precipitation, air humidity and atmospheric CO2 concentration. Numerous field experiments manipulating single or multiple factors were performed during the past decades. Results of these experiments often depend upon the ecosystem types, site characteristics and the variations in the intensity, duration and combination of manipulations. Alternatively, numerous biogeochemical studies have been conducted throughout ongoing climatic changes in past decades or along natural climatic gradients. In our session, we encourage novel contributions from both manipulative experiments and climatic gradient studies or a combination of both encompassing biogeochemical processes, plant and microbial aspects to improve our understanding of the climatic control on ecosystem processes. Contributions synthesizing experimental outputs and providing better, holistic process understanding are highly welcome as well.