Since ancient times it is known that environmental conditions have a great influence on human health. Development of soil geochemistry and geochemical ecology have demonstrated a correlation between concentration of certain elements in soil, their transfer to local food chains and biological reactions to deficiency or excess of the particular elements, including diseases such as goiter, scurvy, cancer. The development of analytical chemistry and instrumental methods considerably enhanced the possibilities of mass analyses. Incorporating these datasets in developing GIS enabled global and regional geochemical mapping. This considerably increased the possibility of spatial correlation between soil geochemistry and medical data and stimulated the worldwide development of medical geology and geochemistry. However, there are several basic unknowns that prevent a spatially adequate understanding of such results. The first problem is to establish the optimal level for population health. The second is an evaluation of the spatial distribution of soil chemicals above or below these optimal levels. We invite you to present your deliberations, approaches, methods and results to discuss these problems in the context of health risk assessment for different soil regions, taking due regard of the relevant background concentrations or/and contamination in soil and ground water . We believe that such discussions will inspire further studies of the spatial heterogeneity of soil geochemistry with regard to population health and its improvement.