The Mediterranean Sea is located in long a diffuse plate boundary zone accommodating the convergence between Africa and Eurasia in a complex deformation zone including a wide range of active geodynamic processes, inherited from a multi-staged geological history. The Alpine-Mediterranean region represents a unique opportunity to investigate geodynamics of the intricate interplay of plate subduction, collision, and back-arc extension. The Mediterranean is the result of a broad range of geodynamics processes including various stages and rates of active subduction (Hellenic, Calabrian and others), back-arc extension (Tyrrhenian Sea), continental collision of Arabia with Eurasia, lithospheric delamination and major continental strike slip faults (North Anatolian, Dead Sea, and others), and building of peri-orogenic mountain belts (Betic-Rif-Tell, Alps, and others). In this session, we intend to bring together different perspectives on the evolution of the west, central, and east Mediterranean from the Alboran to the Aegean Sea --as well as the Alpine peri-Mediterranean orogenic belts-- to compare the main geodynamic processes that have shaped the Mediterranean. We invite contributions from all disciplines and scales in the earth sciences including, but not limited to, field geology, geochemistry, petrochronology, volcanism, geophysical methods, geodesy, seismology, sedimentology, geodynamic modeling, geodesy, and marine geology.