Large-scale perturbations induced by solar plasma outflows propagate and decay in space plasmas and may trigger kinetic effects at small scales, which can explain their dissipation, particle acceleration, or the observed enhanced fluctuations and instabilities, turbulence and diverse nonlinear effects. Small-scale kinetic modelling of plasma micro-states, e.g., particle distributions, may create valuable tools and real perspectives for decoding these processes. The proposed session invites contributions that respond to these challenges, aiming to provide realistic models and predictions, and overcome the existing theoretical, numerical and observational limitations. These reports should help in understanding the origin as well as the implications of non-thermal effects in the solar wind and terrestrial magnetosphere, and in particular the complex mechanisms involved in solar-terrestrial interactions.