EGU2020-10635
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-10635
EGU General Assembly 2020
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Sedimentology, paleohydrology and geo-archaeology of southeastern Arabia during the Late Pleistocene and its implications for modern human dispersal Out of Africa

Mahmoud Abbas1,2, Stephanie Neuhuber3, Roman Garba4,5, Denis Štefanisko Štefanisko6, Dominik Chlachula7, and Zhongping Lai8
Mahmoud Abbas et al.
  • 1School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China. (subariny_m2008@yahoo.com)
  • 2Luminescence Dating Laboratory, Three Gorges Research Center of Geo-Hazards, Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, 430074, Wuhan, China.
  • 3Universität für Bodenkultur, Institut für Angewandte Geologie, Peter Jordan Straße 82, 1190 Wien. (Stephanie.neuhuber@boku.ac.at)
  • 4Università di Napoli L’Orientale, Italy. (roman.garba@gmail.com)
  • 5The Czech Academy of Sciences, Nuclear Physics Institute, CRL radiocarbon laboratory, Czech Republic.
  • 6Department of Archaeology and Museology. Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic. (dstefanisko@gmail.com)
  • 7Centre of Prehistoric Archeology of the Near East, Masaryk University, Czech Republic. (d.chlachula@seznam.cz)
  • 8Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, 515063, Shantou, China. (zhongping.lai@yahoo.com; zhongping_lai@stu.edu.cn)

The paleohydrology and geomorphology of southeastern Arabia after 130 ka suggests complex climatic records in the area considered a potential route for human dispersal Out of Africa. Understanding the past hydrological systems is essential to relate the lithic assemblages at the surface to a habitable environment. Climatic records such as speleothems can in combination to sedimentological evidence provide crucial data on the potential formation and persistence of paleo-water bodies and human livelihood.  The transition of a more humid period in the past to the presently harsh environment of southeastern Arabia and its relationship with human occupation is one long-term focus of this project. The information on timing, permanency and depth of these paleo-water bodies in Central and Southern Oman are yet lacking.

An initial geo-archaeological investigation has been carried out in south-central Oman (al-Wusṭā Governorate) and southern Oman (Ẓufār Governorate) as part of TSMO (Trilith Stone Monuments of Oman) archaeological expedition During TSMO field campaign. The OSL samples were collected from fluvial, colluvial and valley sediments in the main study area of al-Duqm, south-central Oman, and the reference area of Mudayy, south of Oman in Ẓufār. At both locations we logged several sediment profiles that mainly consist of well-rounded boulders, imbricated gravels and coarse-grained sediments intercalated with sporadic sand lenses. The sediments suggest fluvial transport in a perennial river and differ significantly from today’s ubiquitous angular Wadi-sediments. At both locations we found reddish sediment that might originate from fluvially reworked soil and would indicate not only the presence of water but also enough moisture to facilitate soil forming processes. Preliminary XRD scans from samples in Ẓufār identified calcite, quartz, feldspar and the sheet silicates illite and kaolinite. The clay fraction of this material has been separated and analyzed to determine the exact minerals that might be typical for soil formation in the B-horizon. Sediments in the Mudayy area are – similarly to al-Duqm - composed of river sediments with well-rounded imbricated gravels but in contrast to further north, they are covered by aeolian (loess) sediments. This captures the transition of fluvial deposition to aeolian deposition and thus a transition of the environmental setting during the time of formation. The Mudayy area in southern Oman is associated with Middle Paleolithic lithic tools of Levallios/Nubian complex technology as well as early-middle Holocene stone tools. The main research area of al-Duqm revealed several new Middle Palaeolithic sites with preferential Levallois facie with some influence of Nubian complex suggesting the landscape with favorable local environmental conditions, forming a possible human refugium between the harsh northern and southern borderlands. The understanding of Quaternary geomorphic, sediment and erosion processes, paleoclimate reconstruction, techno-typological analysis of lithic tools and cosmogenic nuclide dating of the raw material procurement sites in al-Duqm can shed more light on occupation and movement of human population on Arabian Peninsula during the Late Pleistocene.

How to cite: Abbas, M., Neuhuber, S., Garba, R., Štefanisko, D. Š., Chlachula, D., and Lai, Z.: Sedimentology, paleohydrology and geo-archaeology of southeastern Arabia during the Late Pleistocene and its implications for modern human dispersal Out of Africa, EGU General Assembly 2020, Online, 4–8 May 2020, EGU2020-10635, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-10635, 2020.