The IR sensing technologies in the MWIR (3-5 µm) and LWIR (7-12 µm) spectral range offer a powerful tool to greatly improve our capabilities to evaluate local and global warming signals due to climate changes as well as to understand the evolution of natural phenomena: e.g., volcanoes, forest fires, earthquakes, landslides. Thermal sensing is currently used to characterize LST and LSE and many other environmental proxy variables in the spatio-temporal domain, which part of them can have a relevance when assimilated into geophysical, hydrological and climatological models. Multi-scale observation approach is very important to better understand Earth processes and to assess impacts on human activities and interaction with the environment. This session welcomes contributes focusing on studies aimed to integrate data at different spectral and spatial resolution acquired in the MWIR and LWIR range by current EO Missions as Sentinel3-LSTM, LANDSAT-8,ASTER, ECOSTRESS etc. in the following specific research themes: Instruments radiometric calibration procedures, New MWIR-LWIR sensors and missions concepts. LST and LSE retrieval algoriths, EO data CAL/VAL activities, LST time series analysis , thermal data unmixing techniques, Soil proprieties, Urban areas, infrastructure and archaeological investigation, Geophysical phenomena characterization, Fires properties.