EGU21-11075, updated on 04 Mar 2021
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-11075
EGU General Assembly 2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Hurricane ocean wind speeds

Ad Stoffelen1, Gert-Jan Marseille1, Weicheng Ni1, Alexis Mouche2, Federica Polverari3, Marcos Portabella4, Wenming Lin5, Joe Sapp6, Paul Chang6, and Zorana Jelenak6
Ad Stoffelen et al.
  • 1Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), R&D Satellites, De Bilt, Netherlands (ad.stoffelen@knmi.nl)
  • 2Institut français de recherche pour l'exploitation de la mer (IFREMER), Plouzane, France
  • 3Jet Propulsion Laboratory (NASA JPL), Pasadena, CA, USA
  • 4Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM) Barcelona, Spain
  • 5Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing, China
  • 6Center for Satellite Applications and Research (NOAA STAR), USA

How strong does the wind blows in a hurricane proves a question that is difficult to answer, but has far-reaching consequences for satellite meteorology, weather forecasting and hurricane advisories. Moreover, huge year-to-year variability in extremes challenges evidence for changing hurricane climatology in a changing climate. Tropical circulation conditions, such as El Nino and the Madden Julian Oscillation, are associated with the large year-to-year variability and their link to climate change is poorly understood, though of great societal interest. Since hurricanes are sparsely sampled, satellite instruments are in principle very useful to monitor climate change. However, their stability over time in quality and quantity (sampling) needs to be guaranteed. Moreover, to use the longest possible satellite record, satellite instrument intercalibration of the extremes is needed [6]. This applies for a single instrument using a single processor version (calibration, Quality Control, Geophysical Model Function, retrieval) for change detection over a decade typically and the use of overlapping single-instrument/single-processor series for climate analyses. Currently, systematic inconsistencies in the extremes exist, as illustrated within the European Union (EU) Copernicus Climate Change Windstorm Information Service (C3S WISC*) and European organisation for the exploitatrion of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) C-band High and Extreme-Force Speeds (CHEFS^) projects. Besides for the scatterometers ERS, QuikScat, ASCAT and OSCAT, these instrument series may be extended to passive microwave wind instruments from 1979, if proven reliable at the extremes?

In the EUMETSAT CHEFS project, KNMI, ICM and IFREMER worked with international colleagues to improve the detection of hurricane-force winds. To calibrate the diverse available satellite, airplane and model winds, in-situ wind speed references are needed. Unfortunately, these prove rather inconsistent in the wind speed range of 15 to 25 m/s, casting doubt on the higher winds too. However, dropsondes are used as reference operationally at high and extreme winds in nowcasting and in the European Space Agency (ESA) project MAXSS satellite intercalibration is further investigated based on dropsondes to serve this community. However, from a scientific point of view, we should perhaps put more confidence in the moored buoy references? This would favor accuracy in drag parameterizations and physical modelling and observation of the extremes. This dilemma will be presented to initiate a discussion with the international community gathered at EGU ’21.

* Windstorm Information Service: https://wisc.climate.copernicus.eu/ 

^ C-band High and Extreme-Force Speeds: https://www.eumetsat.int/chefs

How to cite: Stoffelen, A., Marseille, G.-J., Ni, W., Mouche, A., Polverari, F., Portabella, M., Lin, W., Sapp, J., Chang, P., and Jelenak, Z.: Hurricane ocean wind speeds, EGU General Assembly 2021, online, 19–30 Apr 2021, EGU21-11075, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-11075, 2021.