EGU21-13752, updated on 04 Mar 2021
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-13752
EGU General Assembly 2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Weathering conditions of Buddhist caves dug in soft rocks and conservation attempting from the deterioration

Chiaki Oguchi1, Momoko Ogawa2, Kaisei Sakane3, and Yasuhiko Tamura4
Chiaki Oguchi et al.
  • 1Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan (ogchiaki@mail.saitama-u.ac.jp)
  • 2Department of Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan (Present affiliation: Nomura Construction Industrial Co., Ltd.)
  • 3Department of Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan (Present affiliation: Asunaro Aoki Construction Co., Ltd.)
  • 4The Executive Committee for the Preservation of Taya Cavern (ECPT), Yokohama, Japan (tytamura2@nifty.com)

The Taya Cave, a sacred Buddhist cave, locates in the precincts of Josenji Temple in Yokohama City, central Japan. The geologic materials of the hills surrounding the cave are soft rocks composed of early Quaternary sedimentary rocks. The cave has a complex three-layer structure with a total length of 570 m. The excavation of the cave is estimated to start in the Kamakura era around A.D. 1200. Since then, the cave became a training place for Buddhists until around 19 C. There are many Buddhist reliefs on the walls and ceiling inside the cave. Because the bedrock is extremely weak, the rocks easily break when they get wet again after drying, namely prone to slaking. Thus, weathering and deterioration have progressed in various parts of the cave. Many valuable Buddhist reliefs have damaged by exfoliation. The walls at several points in the cave have also collapsed on a small scale. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate such deteriorated parts in the cave by simple non-destructive tests of physical and mechanical properties by using Silver Schmidt hammer and ultrasonic velocity test. These measurements clarified the vulnerable points even in the main worship route of the cave. In October 2018, a stainless-steel door installed at the cave entrance to save from deterioration due to slaking. The effect of the door was verified as well by monitoring the environmental conditions inside the cave. Environmental monitoring results revealed that the temperature and humidity near the entrance changed most drastically in this cave. Although the door was closed only at night, the range of maximum and minimum values ​​of temperature and humidity near the entrance became smaller after installation than before. Non-destructive measurements and in situ environmental monitoring are a useful way to assess weathering without damaging geoarchaeological sites. 

How to cite: Oguchi, C., Ogawa, M., Sakane, K., and Tamura, Y.: Weathering conditions of Buddhist caves dug in soft rocks and conservation attempting from the deterioration, EGU General Assembly 2021, online, 19–30 Apr 2021, EGU21-13752, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-13752, 2021.

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