EGU21-7832, updated on 04 Mar 2021
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-7832
EGU General Assembly 2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Understanding the effectiveness of measures aiming to stabilize urban gullies in Congolese cities: a systematic analysis based on field surveys

Eric Lutete Landu1,2, Guy Ilombe Mawe1,3, Charles Bielders4, Fils Makanzu Imwangana2, Olivier Dewitte5, Jean Poesen6,7, and Matthias Vanmaercke1
Eric Lutete Landu et al.
  • 1Geography Department, Liege University, Liège, Belgium (ericlutete@gmail.com, ilombeg@gmail.com, matthias.vanmaercke@uliege.be)
  • 2Geoscience Department, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, DR Congo (filsmakanzu@yahoo.fr)
  • 3Department of Geology, Université Officielle de Bukavu, Bukavu, DR Congo (ilombeg@gmail.com)
  • 4Earth and Life Institute - Environnemental Sciences, UCLouvain, Louvain la neuve, Belgium (charles.bielders@uclouvain.be)
  • 5Royal Museum for Central Africa, Bruxelles, Belgium (olivier.dewitte@africamuseum.be)
  • 6Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (jean.poesen@kuleuven.be)
  • 7Faculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial Management, Maria-Curie Sklodowska University, Lublin, Poland (jean.poesen@kuleuven.be)

Many cities of the D.R. Congo are strongly affected by urban mega gullies. There are currently hundreds of such gullies in Kinshasa, Kikwit and Bukavu, representing a cumulative length of >200 km. Many of these gullies (typically tens of meters wide and deep) continue to expand, causing major damage to houses and other infrastructure and often claim human casualties. To mitigate these impacts, numerous measures are being implemented. The type and scale of these measures varies widely: from large structural measures like retention ponds to local initiatives of stabilizing gully heads with waste material. Nonetheless, earlier work indicates that an estimated 50% of the existing urban gullies continue to expand, despite the implementation of such measures. As such, we currently have very limited insight into the effectiveness of these measures and the overall best strategies to prevent and mitigate urban gullies. One reason for this is that most initiatives to stabilize urban gullies happen on a rather isolated basis and are rarely evaluated afterwards.

This work aims to improve our understanding of this issue. For this, we constructed a large inventory of measures implemented to stabilize urban gullies in Kinshasa, Kikwit and Bukavu and statistically confronted these measures with observed vegetation recovery and long-term gully expansion rates (derived from high-resolution imagery over a period of >14 years). Our preliminary results (based on a dataset of > 900 urban gullies) shows that the most commonly applied measures are revegetation and reinforcement of gully heads with sandbags or household waste material (implemented in around 65% of the cases). Retention ponds in streets and infiltration pits on house parcels are also frequently implemented (around 25% of the cases). Overall, techniques relying on vegetation are used relatively more frequently in regions with clayey soil, while techniques involving digging (e.g. infiltration pits) and topographic remodeling (e.g. gully reshaping by creation of terraces) are used mainly in sandy or sandy-clay areas. Surprisingly, small-scale local initiatives, such as stabilizing gully heads with household waste, often appear to have a higher effectivity than some large-scale civil engineering initiatives. However, such small-scale initiatives can come with important additional impacts (e.g. sanitation concerns). More research is needed to confirm these findings. Furthermore, the stability of gullies seems to be strongly linked to the degree of vegetation cover near the gully head. Nonetheless, it is not always clear if vegetation is the cause or the result of this stability. Overall, this study provides one of the first large scale assessments of the effectiveness of gully control measures in urban tropical environments. With this study, we hope to contribute to a better prevention and mitigation of this problem that affects many cities of the tropical Global South.

How to cite: Lutete Landu, E., Ilombe Mawe, G., Bielders, C., Makanzu Imwangana, F., Dewitte, O., Poesen, J., and Vanmaercke, M.: Understanding the effectiveness of measures aiming to stabilize urban gullies in Congolese cities: a systematic analysis based on field surveys, EGU General Assembly 2021, online, 19–30 Apr 2021, EGU21-7832, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-7832, 2021.

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