EGU21-9040, updated on 04 Mar 2021
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-9040
EGU General Assembly 2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Hypothesis on impact of winter conditions on annual organic production in the northern Adriatic

Nastjenjka Supić1, Andrea Budiša1, Irena Ciglenečki2, Milan Čanković2, Jelena Dautović2, Tamara Djakovac1, Natalija Dunić3, Mathieu Dutour-Sikirić2, Ingrid Ivančić1, Matea Kalac1, Romina Kraus1, Nataša Kužat1, Davor Lučić4, Daniela Marić Pfannkuchen1, Hrvoje Mihanović3, Jakica Njire4, Paolo Paliaga5, Miroslava Pasarić6, Zoran Pasarić2, Niki Simonović6, and Ivica Vilibić3
Nastjenjka Supić et al.
  • 1Institute Ruđer Bošković, Center for Marine Research, Rovinj, Croatia (supic@cim.irb.hr)
  • 2Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
  • 3Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Split, Croatia
  • 4University of Dubrovnik, Dubrovnik, Croatia
  • 5Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, Pula, Croatia
  • 6Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia

This study evaluates existing hypothesis according to which intensity of local winter primary production (may be high, influencing annual means), controlled by the degree of the spreading of Po River waters across the northern Adriatic (NAd), reflects on secondary annual production (microzooplankton and anchovy) of the ongoing year.

The analysis extends over a four-year period 2017-2020.

In 2017, in the open western NAd, close to the Po River delta, nutrients and phytoplankton abundances reached their yearly maximum in winter (February and March, respectively). By the end of winter, an anticyclonic gyre formed in the eastern part of the NAd, capturing waters advected from western NAd region. In the gyre area, microzooplankton abundance reached the yearly maximum in spring (June). A month later, at the same position, the abundance of the allochthonous Ctenophora Mnemiopsis leidyi that feeds on microzooplankton, along with the concentration of  Dissolved Organic matter and its Carbon (DOC) fraction, reached yearly peaks. In the western NAd, within another gyre (cyclonic), maxima in the microzooplankton abundances and DOC were recorded in spring. Results point to importance of winter conditions in yearly production cycle. In line with the existing hypothesis, phytoplankton abundance in winter 2017 was above the long-term average and coupled with extremely high zooplankton abundances and DOC concentrations in some of the following, spring or summer, months. Later, during summer, phytoplankton abundances were rather low.

 

In 2018 and 2019, the data collected in the NAd were rather scarce. In 2018 no winter data were available to test the hypothesis. In 2019, high abundances of microzooplankton was observed in March, and later in September an increase in M. leidyi, which might indicate that 2019 was again a year rich in organic production.

In 2020, the above average concentrations of nutrients and chlorophyll a in winter occurred along with very high concentrations of DOC and an abundance of M. leidyi in summer.

Data collected in 2017, 2019 and 2020 support the hypothesis, pointing to large organic outputs after winters rich in production.  Numerical models show that the NAd was mostly “separated” from the rest of the Adriatic Sea during 2017-2020 by a northern branch of a large cyclonic gyre with high salinity water (from central Adriatic and/or Kvarner Bay) entering the NAd along the eastern (Istrian) coast. Such circulation system could favour the Po River waters spreading across the NAd, inducing high primary production in winter, at the beginning of the yearly pelagic cycle, with the retention/accumulation of organic matter produced in the following months.

The NAd basin has been exposed to very high salinity water intrusions since 2015 (CMR data). These occurrences, together with the formations of specific circulation patterns described above, result from regional atmospheric and/or oceanographic processes which are not yet fully understood. However, using projections of temperature and salinity from a numerical approach, and following the observed biological relations, a prediction of the organic matter production in the NAd can be obtained.

This work has been supported in part by Croatian Science Foundation under the projects EcoRENA (IP-06-2016), MARRES (IP-2018-01-1717) and ADIOS (IP-2016-06-1955).

How to cite: Supić, N., Budiša, A., Ciglenečki, I., Čanković, M., Dautović, J., Djakovac, T., Dunić, N., Dutour-Sikirić, M., Ivančić, I., Kalac, M., Kraus, R., Kužat, N., Lučić, D., Marić Pfannkuchen, D., Mihanović, H., Njire, J., Paliaga, P., Pasarić, M., Pasarić, Z., Simonović, N., and Vilibić, I.: Hypothesis on impact of winter conditions on annual organic production in the northern Adriatic, EGU General Assembly 2021, online, 19–30 Apr 2021, EGU21-9040, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-9040, 2021.

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