This session provides the opportunity for contributions that fall within the broad spectrum of Rock Physics, but are not directly appropriate to any of the other proposed sessions. We solicit contributions on theory and simulations, instrumentation, laboratory experiments and field measurements, data analysis and interpretation, as well as inversion and modelling techniques.

Rock mass deformation and failure at different stress levels (from the brittle regime to the brittle-ductile transition) are controlled by damage processes occurring on different spatial scales, from grain (µm) to geological formation (km) scale. These lead to a progressive increase of micro- and meso-crack intensity in the rock matrix and to the growth of inherited macro-fractures at rock mass scale. Coalescence of these fractures forms large-scale structures such as brittle fault zones, rockslide shear zones, and excavation damage zones (EDZ) in open pit mining and underground construction. Diffuse or localized rock damage have a primary influence on rock properties (strength, elastic moduli, hydraulic and electric properties) and on their evolution across multiple temporal scales spanning from geological time to highly dynamic phenomena as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, slopes and man-made rock structures. In subcritical stress conditions, damage accumulation results in brittle creep processes key to the long-term evolution of geophysical, geomorphological and geo-engineering systems.
Damage and progressive failure processes must be considered to understand the time-dependent hydro-mechanical behaviour of fault damage zones and principal slip zones, and their interplay (e.g. earthquakes vs aseismic creep), volcanic systems and slopes (e.g. slow rock slope deformation vs catastrophic rock slides), as well as the response of rock masses to stress perturbations induced by artificial excavations (tunnels, mines) and loading. At the same time, damage processes control the brittle behaviour of the upper crust and are strongly influenced by intrinsic rock properties (strength, fabric, porosity, anisotropy), geological structures and their inherited damage, as well as by the evolving pressure-temperature with increasing depth and by fluid pressure, transport properties and chemistry.
In this session we will bring together researchers from different communities interested in a better understanding of rock deformation and failure processes and consequence, as well as other related rock mechanics topics. We welcome innovative and novel contributions on experimental studies (both in the laboratory and in situ), continuum / micromechanical analytical and numerical modelling, and applications to fault zones, reservoirs, slope instability and landscape evolution, and engineering applications.

The session focuses on the characterization and modeling of the mechanical behaviour of weak/soft and heterogeneous rocks and rock masses, i.e., rocks that, due to their intrinsic properties and/or to the effect of differential weathering or deformative processes, have mechanical strength and deformability that are particularly unfavorable or strongly heterogeneous. They include, among others, fault rocks, turbidites, flysches, complex geological units (e.g., Block-In-Matrix – BIM rocks and soils), salts and sulphates.
They represent a challenge in several geoengineering contexts, due to their low strength, high heterogeneity, high proneness to drastic weathering or fracturing processes, and to the fact that they can develop time-dependent and water-interaction-dependent deformations (e.g., creep, swelling, squeezing).
These peculiarities pose risks to the safety and longevity of geo-engineering projects, with specific problems in the case of underground infrastructures excavated for civil, mining or energetic purposes, and to the stability of natural slopes and seacliffs.
The session aims to collect contributions that integrate geological observations, investigation surveys, laboratory data and modeling of soft and heterogeneous rocks and rock masses to offer a fruitful discussion about the behaviour of these materials.

Granular materials are ubiquitous in the Earth system: gouge in fault cores; fragmented volcanic rock, tephra and crystal mush; and soils, sediments and debris on hillslopes and in river channels. Although these settings span orders of magnitude in pressure, strain rate and scale, their mechanical behaviour is governed by shared grain-scale processes: shear localisation, force chains, dilatancy and compaction, grain breakage, cohesion, and coupling with pore-fluid pressure. They let granular media switch abruptly between solid-like and fluid-like states, controlling how failure starts, evolves and stops.
In the solid Earth, granular mechanics sets the frictional strength and slip stability of fault gouge, and thus the nucleation, arrest and healing of earthquakes and slow slip, and fault reactivation by natural or induced pore-pressure changes. In volcanic systems, it shapes crystal-rich magma rheology, frictional sliding along conduit plugs and lava domes, flank and dome collapse, and pyroclastic density currents.
At the surface, the same physics governs soil shear strength and its sensitivity to moisture and suction, landslide initiation and creep, rock avalanche runout, slope failures evolving into debris flows and lahars, and sediment transport and erosion. Rainfall, seismic shaking, snowmelt and freeze-thaw act through the same grain-fluid couplings that operate at depth.
We invite laboratory experiments (shear, flume, centrifuge and shake-table tests, grain-scale imaging), field observations and remote sensing, numerical modelling (discrete element, coupled fluid-particle and continuum) and theory (rate-and-state friction, critical state, μ(I) and non-local rheologies). We especially welcome work crossing the solid Earth and surface divide: controls of grain size, shape, comminution and cohesion on friction and dilatancy; hydro-mechanical and thermal coupling (dilatancy hardening, thermal pressurisation, liquefaction); transitions from creep to catastrophic failure; triggering by pore pressure, cyclic loading and seismic waves; and precursors of failure. Interface topics such as earthquake-triggered landslides and coseismic liquefaction are a natural focus.
By bringing together fault mechanics, volcanology, geomorphology, soil mechanics and natural hazards, the session aims to identify common mechanisms and transferable models, and to discuss how grain-scale insights upscale to natural systems and hazard assessment.

Earthquakes are inherently non-linear and multi-scale phenomena, with dynamics that are strongly dependent on the geometry and the physical properties of faults and their surrounding media. To investigate their complex behavior (fault stability, rupture nucleation and propagation, seismic cycle complexity), fault systems are often scaled down in laboratory experiments to explore their underlying physics under controlled conditions. However, extrapolating laboratory-scale observations to natural fault systems remains a significant challenge. Numerical simulations help bridge this gap by linking processes across scales and improving our understanding of fault mechanics. Together, laboratory experiments, numerical simulations, and geophysical observations provide complementary approaches that are essential to understanding fault mechanics across scales.


In this session, we aim to bring together multidisciplinary contributions that address key aspects of earthquake mechanics, combining laboratory, geophysical, and numerical observations, including:

(i) thermo-hydro-mechanical processes governing fault behavior throughout the seismic cycle;
(ii) the fault slip spectrum, from aseismic slip to dynamic earthquake rupture;
(iii) bridging spatial and temporal scales of fault deformation mechanisms.

We particularly encourage contributions with novel observations and innovative methodologies for studying earthquake faulting. Contributions from early-career scientists are highly welcome.

Unconventional reservoirs, including organic-rich shales, tight sandstones, and low-permeability carbonates, present major challenges for petrophysical characterization and formation evaluation because of their strong heterogeneity, anisotropy, complex pore systems, and rock–fluid interactions. Addressing these challenges requires linking pore-scale physical processes and laboratory measurements with borehole observations and reservoir-scale interpretation.

This session focuses on advances in the petrophysical characterization and formation evaluation of unconventional reservoirs across multiple spatial scales. We welcome contributions on advanced wireline and logging-while-drilling methods; pore structure, fluid occurrence, and transport properties investigated through imaging, digital rock physics, NMR, and laboratory measurements; rock-physics relationships, forward modeling, and joint or multiphysics inversion; integration of core, logging, seismic, and production data; and geomechanical and fracture characterization for reservoir evaluation and development.

The session also welcomes data-driven and physics-informed approaches for reservoir-property estimation, sweet-spot identification, and uncertainty quantification, particularly studies emphasizing interpretability, generalization, and reliability. We especially encourage contributions that connect fundamental physical understanding with practical formation-evaluation challenges, integrate observations across pore, core, borehole, and reservoir scales, and critically assess the limitations and transferability of emerging characterization methods.

The development of petrophysical models, which link geophysical measurements such as electrical conductivity or seismic velocity to subsurface parameters fluid content , hydraulic properties, pore and fracture networks characteristics, is critical for characterizing subsurface properties and informing hydrogeological, geological reservoir and biogeochemical studies. As geophysical techniques evolve, particularly with the rise of distributed monitoring systems, their application extends beyond static measurements. Increasingly, they are used to study dynamic processes such as fluid flow, solute transport, and biogeochemical reactions. These developments highlight the necessity of refining petrophysical relationships through multidisciplinary approaches that combine theoretical, laboratory, and field-scale studies. Each geophysical method has its own resolution and depth constraints, while complex relationships between physical properties and interfacial, geometrical, and biogeochemical characteristics further complicate the scaling of laboratory experiments to field applications, making it vital to establish accurate, adaptable petrophysical models.

This session invites contributions from diverse research communities to explore new petrophysical models, numerical simulations, laboratory experiments, and field case studies. We aim to foster interdisciplinary discussions on advancing petrophysical relationships and improving our understanding of complex subsurface processes across a wide range of natural and engineering settings, including low-carbon energy technologies and subsurface storage solutions. We encourage submissions focused on studies that combine insights from geomechanics, geochemistry, petrophysics, and material science. Additionally, we welcome submissions on the development of cutting-edge experimental apparatus, novel sensor technologies, and innovative methods for simulating in situ
conditions.

Numerous cases of induced/triggered seismicity resulting either directly or indirectly from injection/extraction associated with anthropogenic activity related to geo-resources exploration have been reported in the last decades. Induced earthquakes felt by the general public can often negatively affect public perception of geo-energies and may lead to the cancellation of important projects. Furthermore, large earthquakes may jeopardize wellbore stability and damage surface infrastructure. Thus, monitoring and modeling processes leading to fault slip, either seismic or aseismic, are critical to developing effective and reliable forecasting methodologies during deep underground exploitation. The complex interaction between injected fluids, subsurface geology, stress interactions, and resulting fault slip requires an interdisciplinary approach to understand the triggering mechanisms, and may require taking coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical processes into account.
In this session, we invite contributions from research aimed at investigating the interaction of the above processes during exploitation of underground resources, including hydrocarbon extraction, wastewater disposal, geothermal energy exploitation, hydraulic fracturing, gas storage and production, mining, and reservoir impoundment for hydro-energy. We particularly encourage novel contributions based on laboratory and underground near-fault experiments, numerical modeling, the spatio-temporal relationship between seismic properties, injection/extraction parameters, and/or geology, and fieldwork. Contributions covering both theoretical and experimental aspects of induced and triggered seismicity at multiple spatial and temporal scales are welcome.

In recent years, technologies based on Artificial Intelligence (AI), such as image processing, smart sensors, and intelligent inversion, have garnered significant attention from researchers in the geosciences community. These technologies offer the promise of transitioning geosciences from qualitative to quantitative analysis, unlocking new insights and capabilities previously thought unattainable.
One of the key reasons for the growing popularity of AI in geosciences is its unparalleled ability to efficiently analyze vast datasets within remarkably short timeframes. This capability empowers scientists and researchers to tackle some of the most intricate and challenging issues in fields like Geophysics, Seismology, Hydrology, Planetary Science, Remote Sensing, and Disaster Risk Reduction.
As we stand on the cusp of a new era in geosciences, the integration of artificial intelligence promises to deliver more accurate estimations, efficient predictions, and innovative solutions. By leveraging algorithms and machine learning, AI empowers geoscientists to uncover intricate patterns and relationships within complex data sources, ultimately advancing our understanding of the Earth's dynamic systems. In essence, artificial intelligence has become an indispensable tool in the pursuit of quantitative precision and deeper insights in the fascinating world of geosciences.
For this reason, aim of this session is to explore new advances and approaches of AI in Geosciences.

Many regions of the Earth, from crust to core, exhibit anisotropic fabrics which can reveal much about geodynamic processes in the subsurface. These fabrics can exist at a variety of scales, from crystallographic orientations to regional structure alignments. In the past few decades, a tremendous body of multidisciplinary research has been dedicated to characterizing anisotropy in the solid Earth and understanding its geodynamical implications. This has included work in fields such as: (1) geophysics, to make in situ observations and construct models of anisotropic properties at a range of depths; (2) mineral physics, to explain the cause of some of these observations; and (3) numerical modelling, to relate the inferred fabrics to regional stress and flow regimes and, thus, geodynamic processes in the Earth. The study of anisotropy in the Solid Earth encompasses topics so diverse that it often appears fragmented according to regions of interest, e.g., the upper or lower crust, oceanic lithosphere, continental lithosphere, cratons, subduction zones, D'', or the inner core. The aim of this session is to bring together scientists working on different aspects of mechanical anisotropy to provide a comprehensive overview of the field. We encourage contributions from all disciplines of the earth sciences (including mineral physics, seismology, magnetotellurics, geodynamic modelling) focused on mechanical anisotropy at all scales and depths within the Earth.

Faults and fractures are fundamental structural features of reservoirs and sealing units, with hydraulic and mechanical properties that differ markedly from the surrounding rock. Their behaviour governs fluid flow, containment, and fluid-rock interaction, central to the safety and performance of geoenergy applications such as CO₂ and hydrogen storage, nuclear waste disposal, and geothermal energy production.

Recent advancements in laboratory experimental capabilities, field observation techniques, monitoring technologies, and numerical modelling methods have deepened our understanding of fault/fracture deformation, failure, and (re-)activation. These discontinuities act as conduits or barriers for fluid and heat flow, enhancing or impairing reservoir performance. Of particular concern are changes in thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical (THMC) coupling associated with injection, fluid circulation, and extraction near faulted and fractured zones, which can alter transmissibility and structural stability.

Understanding these dynamics is crucial for predicting and mitigating risks associated with induced seismicity, leakage, and other subsurface hazards. These insights also improve the accuracy of numerical models used to predict fault behaviour at reservoir scales and guide the design and management of geoenergy projects.

We invite contributions from researchers exploring the role of faults and fractures in subsurface systems, particularly those involved in applied or interdisciplinary studies related to low-carbon technologies such as CO₂ and hydrogen storage, nuclear waste disposal, and geothermal energy production. We are particularly interested in research bridging the gap between laboratory-scale measurements and reservoir-scale processes, employing methods including but not limited to laboratory investigations, outcrop studies, in-situ experiments, monitoring, subsurface data analysis, and numerical modelling and simulation. Interdisciplinary approaches integrating geological, geophysical, and engineering perspectives are especially welcome.

The session aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the impact of faults and fractures on subsurface energy systems, showcasing innovative methods for their characterisation, monitoring, and modelling.

Assessing the time-dependent probability of earthquakes and anticipating their cascading effects—including earthquake-generated tsunami waves and volcanic unrest—remain major challenges in Earth sciences. Recent advances in ground-based and spaceborne observations, laboratory experiments, numerical modelling, statistical analysis, computational methods and data-driven approaches offer unprecedented opportunities to investigate preparatory processes and evolving hazards by integrating heterogeneous observations across the different domains of the Earth system.
The session aims to foster interdisciplinary discussion on earthquake-related processes and to assess critically how multiparametric observations, physical knowledge and advanced data-analysis methods can improve our understanding, forecasting and time-dependent assessment of seismic and volcanic hazards and their impacts.
Particularly welcome are studies addressing:
- Ground-based and satellite observations of electric, magnetic, electromagnetic anomalies potentially associated with impending seismic and volcanic activity;
- Multi-parametric seismological, geodetic, geological, geochemical, hydrological, atmospheric and ionospheric observations;
- Lithosphere Atmosphere Ionosphere Coupling (LAIC) and related measurements;
- Transient deformation, fluid-related processes, seismicity patterns, earthquake-generated tsunami waves and other coupled phenomena;
- Possible relationships between seismic processes, Earth tides, lunar forcing, solar–Earth interactions and Space Weather;
- Theoretical models, numerical simulations and long-term data-analyses;
- Artificial intelligence, machine learning and deep-learning methods for anomaly detection, data integration, forecasting and uncertainty assessment.
Contributions presenting results from new instruments, innovative observational infrastructures and current or forthcoming satellite missions investigating atmospheric, ionospheric and electromagnetic disturbances potentially related to seismic and volcanic activity are especially encouraged.
Further contributions may focus on real-time monitoring, multimission and multiplatform data integration, open-data services and interoperable platforms supporting the development of integrated Earthquake Observing Systems.

Fluid-rock interactions play a pivotal role in shaping crustal dynamics and influencing subsurface engineering processes. From the shallow sedimentary rocks down to the deep magmatic and metamorphic rocks, fluids govern aspects such as deformation localization, earthquake genesis, and the emergence of metamorphic reactions and rheological weakening. In most cases, there is a dynamic feedback between fluids, deformation and metamorphism at all scales. Fluids are critical not only for creating robust models of the solid Earth but also for advancing subsurface engineering endeavors like geothermal energy recovery, hydrogen storage and extraction as well as permanent carbon storage.
As we navigate through the ongoing energy transition, enhancing these interactions for maximum geo-resource efficacy is a vital priority. The legacy inscribed within rock records paints a vivid picture of intricate interplay between mineral reactions, fluid flow and deformation—testaments to the often-intense nature of fluid-rock interactions.
This session aims to draw the current picture of the advances and challenges, whether conceptual, methodological, or experimental when considering the role of fluid-rock interactions. We invite contributions that utilize an array of methodologies, ranging from natural observations, microstructural assessments, and geochemical analyses to rock mechanics, all intertwined with modelling techniques. This modelling can span from ab initio simulations to continuum scale simulations, ensuring a comprehensive exploration of fluid-rock/mineral interactions. Contributions that harness the power of artificial intelligence and its subsets are particularly encouraged.

Fracture systems are fundamental structural features controlling the mechanical, hydraulic, and geochemical behaviour of rock masses. Their influence ranges from the stability of natural and engineered slopes to fluid migration processes.
This session aims to bring together researchers from different fields to explore and compare methodologies for investigating fractured rock masses, emphasising the value of integrated multi-scale (from grain-scale microcracks to meso-scale fracture networks, up to tectonic-scale systems) and multidisciplinary approaches.
We welcome contributions across a broad geological and process-based context, linking observations and methods from field-based surveys, outcrop characterisation, laboratory testing, microstructural analysis, numerical and analogue modelling, remote sensing, and geophysical imaging. Applications to natural hazards (e.g., rockfalls, landslides), energy and resource exploration, fluid transport and storage, structural geology and tectonics are particularly encouraged. By bringing together structural geology, rock mechanics, and engineering geology, the session aims to foster a constructive and stimulating discussion on fractures across scales and disciplines, addressing both scientific and practical challenges.

Rocks deform, fracture, dissolve and melt over time, yet most of what we know about these processes comes from before-and-after snapshots. Three-dimensional and time-resolved (4D) X-ray imaging changes this by letting us follow the same sample as it evolves under stress, fluid flow, and changing temperature, at scales from pores to the whole specimen. This session brings together researchers who use laboratory microCT, synchrotron imaging and neutron tomography to observe these processes directly, and those who turn the resulting images into quantitative models.
We welcome contributions that use 3D and 4D imaging to study fracture and faulting, compaction and creep, multiphase and reactive flow, melt and bubble migration, and volcanic and magmatic processes. We equally encourage methodological advances: new experimental rigs, digital volume correlation, machine-learning segmentation, and workflows linking images to numerical simulations (FEM, DEM, lattice-Boltzmann) and theory.
By connecting rock physics, volcanology and materials science, the session aims to build a shared community around a common question: what do we learn when we can watch the process, not just its result?

For decades, experimental work has contributed significantly to how we understand deformation in the Earth’s lithosphere. While the geological record preserved in natural samples often resembles a snapshot frozen in time, experiments allow us to follow their journey. Experiments provide a unique means of linking processes to products, testing hypotheses, and developing better-informed numerical models, by controlling boundary conditions, isolating key parameters, manipulating materials or observing deformation in real time.
This session’s aim is to bring together experimentalists from across disciplines to explore what experiments can reveal about lithospheric deformation, and foster discussions on identifying and expanding their limitations. We welcome contributions addressing deformation across a broad range of scales (micro- to crustal scale), conditions (brittle to ductile) and strain rates (seismic to aseismic). We particularly encourage the submission of studies that introduce new experimental techniques, bridge scales or disciplines, challenge existing paradigms, combine experiments with observations on natural samples or numerical models, or examine unexpected outcomes.

Not every experiment goes as planned. Yet, failure can be the starting point of some of the most interesting discussions and discoveries. Which processes are impossible or simply too difficult to reproduce? What limitations are imposed by apparatus, materials, or boundary conditions? Where do scaling laws break down? And what can we learn from failed experiments?
Negative results may provide the foundation for important advances. We therefore also invite contributions that look beyond experimental success and share challenges, failures and the insights they reveal.

Our goal is to connect diverse experimental communities, facilitate the exchange of methods and ideas, and create a supportive space for discussing both achievements and setbacks. By fostering dialogue among experimentalists, this session seeks to identify common challenges, open new opportunities for collaboration, and ultimately strengthen the role of experiments in deciphering Earth’s deformation processes.

Continental crust preserves complex and often overprinted histories of deformation, magmatism, metamorphism, burial and exhumation. These histories are encoded in rock fabrics at scales ranging from mineral lattices to orogenic belts, yet the ways in which rock fabrics record different deformation processes or stages is rarely straightforward.
This session explores how structural, mineral, and magnetic fabrics can be integrated to reconstruct deformation kinematics and tectonic histories. We invite studies of igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks from active and ancient orogens, using approaches including field-based structural analysis, crystallographic and microstructural fabric characterization, anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility and remanence, paleomagnetism, petrology, geochronology, seismic anisotropy, and analogue or numerical modelling. We particularly welcome contributions that combine or integrate independent proxies and methods; connecting mineral-scale and outcrop-scale observations to crustal-scale processes; or confront ambiguities caused by strain partitioning, magmatic versus tectonic fabrics, metamorphic overprinting and structural reactivation.

Faults release tectonic strain through a wide and complex spectrum of slip behaviors, including aseismic creep, episodic slow-slip events and earthquakes. Field observations, seismological and geodetic data, laboratory experiments, and numerical modelling have shown that a range of factors, including structural and geometrical complexity, mechanical and rheological heterogeneities, fluid pressure and chemistry, and temperature, all interact across spatial and temporal scales to govern fault slip behavior. Yet, understanding how these interconnected factors control the occurrence of different slip modes and the transitions between them remains one of the fundamental challenges in earthquake science. This session welcomes contributions that investigate the wide range of fault slip behaviors using multidisciplinary and multiscale approaches, including field observations, structural and microstructural analyses, laboratory rock deformation experiments, geochemical and hydrological characterization of fault fluids, seismological and geodetic observations of active faults, and numerical modelling. We aim to foster discussion on the physicochemical and mechanical processes controlling fault strength, slip stability, rupture nucleation and propagation, and the evolution of fault zone geometry across the seismic cycle. By bringing together complementary perspectives across scales, this session seeks to improve seismic hazard assessment and our understanding of the mechanics of faulting and earthquakes.

This session provides the opportunity for contributions that fall within the broad spectrum of Geomagnetism and Electromagnetism, but are not directly appropriate to any of the other proposed sessions. We solicit contributions on theory and simulations, instrumentation, laboratory experiments and field measurements, data analysis and interpretation, as well as inversion and modelling techniques. This session also welcomes studies of extreme geophysical events from space and ground and attempts to integrate, model, and interpret the effects detected in separate geolayers.

This session covers all methods and case histories related to measuring, processing and modeling potential field anomalies for geological, environmental and resources purposes. It will concern gravity and magnetic data from satellite missions to airborne and detailed ground-based arrays. Contributions presenting the theoretical, mathematical and computational progress of data modelling techniques as well as new case studies of geophysical and geological interest are welcome. This session will also encourage presentations on compilation methods of heterogenous data sets, multiscale and multidisciplinary approaches for natural resources exploration and geological gas storage purposes, and other environmental applications. Potential field applications in exploration and geological interpretation of magnetic anomalies, jointly with other geodata, are warmly welcome.

This session invites contributions of electromagnetic (EM) geophysics, from near-surface investigations to the deep Earth imaging. We welcome contributions covering various EM research: advances in instrumentation and data acquisition (e.g., magnetotelluric, controlled-source EM, time-domain and frequency-domain systems); mathematical and numerical developments in data processing, forward modelling, and 1D/2D/3D inversion, including machine-learning approaches; and applications drawing on ground, marine, airborne, and even satellite EM measurements.

Target problems include global EM induction studies constraining mantle conductivity and composition; imaging of regional tectonic, magmatic, and volcanic systems to understand fluid pathways, melt distribution, and crustal deformation; exploration for hydrocarbons, geothermal resources, and critical minerals; and characterisation of near-surface structure relevant to environmental issues, urban infrastructure, geomagnetically induced currents (GIC), and hydrological systems such as groundwater and permafrost.

We particularly encourage multidisciplinary contributions that integrate EM results with rock physics, seismic, gravity, magnetic, geochemical, and geological datasets to build a complete picture of subsurface structures, and case studies that demonstrate how combining methods resolves model ambiguities that EM data alone cannot.

Low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellites provide unique opportunities to characterize the Earth's magnetic field, ionospheric currents and plasma parameters, and thermospheric density and winds across a wide spectrum of time and spatial scales, and for a large range of solar and geomagnetic activities.
At the forefront of this advance are the three ESA Earth Explorer Swarm satellites, which have been providing high-accuracy measurements of the Earth's magnetic field, electric field, plasma parameters, precise-orbit determination, and accelerometer
observations since their launch in November 2013. They have proven very valuable for studying the near-Earth magnetic field and the coupled ionospheric-thermospheric environment, and enabled the development and implementation of advanced models and operational space weather services. The scientific potential of the polar-orbiting Swarm satellites is today augmented by newly available data, especially those collected by the low-inclination Macau Science Satellite 1 and CSES satellites.
In addition, the ESA Scout NanoMagSat constellation, consisting of one
near-polar and two 60° inclination satellites, is scheduled to launch near the end of 2027, with full operation planned for 2028. It will acquire high-accuracy magnetic vector and scalar data, electron density, and electron temperature
data, navigation data, and collect ionospheric radio-occultation profiles. All these data are also complemented by increasingly available platform-magnetometer data, such as from the CryoSat-2, GRACE, GRACE-FO, GOCE, and E-POP satellites. The new abundance of satellite data provides unprecedented space-time data coverage at LEO satellite altitudes, opening the way for new scientific opportunities.

Understanding the properties and history of the core of Earth-like planets is essential to constructing a global planetary structure and evolution model and has implications for the planet's thermal, compositional, and orbital evolution. Unraveling planetary cores' structures, dynamics, and history, however, requires a synergy between many fields of expertise, such as mineral physics, geochemistry, seismology, geodynamics, gravimetry, geomagnetism, or remote sensing. This session welcomes contributions from all the aforementioned disciplines following theoretical, numerical, observational, or experimental approaches and aims to serve as a catalyst for multidisciplinary studies of Earth and Earth-like planetary cores.

A wide range of geo-electromagnetic methods, including natural source magnetotelluric, time-domain, and frequency-domain controlled source EM, as well as DC resistivity and induced polarization are uniquely sensitive to the earth’s electrical properties and are capable of probing from shallow depths near the surface to even hundreds of kilometers into the Earth's crust. They are invaluable for revealing subsurface structures, fluid distributions, mineral resources, tectonic features, and even engineered infrastructure. Traditionally essential in resource exploration, geo-electromagnetic methods are now becoming increasingly relevant in addressing new global challenges related to energy systems, the impacts of climate change, environmental problems, and urban development and resilience.

This session serves as an annual platform for showcasing the latest advancements in geo-electromagnetic research. We encourage contributions from a broad range of topics, including methodological breakthroughs, novel field observations, theoretical advancements, and case studies. This year, we particularly welcome submissions that highlight innovative uses of geo-electromagnetic methods in emerging areas—whether through state-of-the-art instrumentation, unconventional applications, or studies with significant societal or environmental relevance.

Recent advances in geophysical observations, numerical simulations, remote sensing products, and high-performance computing are generating large and increasingly complex multidimensional datasets. Interpreting these datasets requires advanced processing and modelling together with effective methods for visualisation and integration.
This session focuses on the development and application of advanced visualisation methods for geophysical data. We particularly welcome approaches that improve the exploration and interpretation of multidimensional, multiscale, and time-dependent datasets, and that can improve geophysical interpretation and its practical application.
We welcome contributions addressing interactive visualisation, 3-D and 4-D representations, data fusion, and the integration of observational, experimental, and modelled data. Contributions combining geophysical data with artificial intelligence and machine learning, including AI-assisted visual analytics and interactive approaches for navigating large and heterogeneous datasets, are particularly encouraged.
The session will also consider practical applications of advanced visualisation across different operational and scientific scenarios. Examples include geophysical applications in engineering and infrastructure monitoring, environmental protection and assessment, natural hazard monitoring and early-warning systems, and the management and interpretation of large and heterogeneous datasets. We also welcome applications to planetary exploration, where observations acquired by spacecraft, landers, rovers, and orbital platforms need to be integrated with geological, geophysical, topographic, and numerical datasets to investigate planetary environments.
By bringing together developments across geophysics, engineering, environmental sciences, natural-hazard research, data science, and planetary exploration, the session will provide a forum to discuss how advanced visualisation can improve the interpretation of complex geophysical datasets and support more effective, transparent, and interactive approaches to understanding the Earth and planetary geophysics.

Earth operates as a complex, self-regulating cybernetic system driven by both internal processes and external astronomical forcing. This session explores the intricate feedback loops between the Solar System’s gravitational dynamics and Earth’s interconnected geospheres—including the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, biosphere, pedosphere, troposphere, magnetosphere, and ionosphere. We focus specifically on how these systemic interactions govern sub-system variations, with a core emphasis on water balance components and hydrological cycles.
To decipher these non-linear, multi-scale relationships, traditional deterministic models must be augmented with data-driven methodologies. We invite contributions that advance empirical research tasks, conceptual frameworks, and system-level models. We particularly welcome studies utilizing artificial intelligence (AI), statistical learning, machine learning, and advanced data-mining techniques to analyze observational and proxy datasets. By bridging planetary dynamics, cybernetic geoscience, and modern data science, this session aims to foster a holistic understanding of Earth’s systemic balance and improve our predictive capabilities in a changing cosmic and terrestrial environment.

Rotation fundamentally shapes the dynamics of geophysical and astrophysical flows across a large range of scales and systems, from planetary and stellar interiors to oceans and atmospheres. Rotation gives rise to waves, coherent vortices, turbulent cascades, and large-scale mean flows. The interactions between these processes play an important role in the transport and mixing properties of the flow, and therefore the long-term evolution of planets, moons and stars.

This session welcomes theoretical, numerical, experimental, and observational studies addressing the dynamics of rotating or rotating-stratified flows. Topics include, but are not limited to, inertial, gravity, Rossby, and magnetohydrodynamic waves; wave turbulence; wave-mean flow interactions; coherent vortices and zonal flows; rotating convection; topographic effects; transport and mixing; transition to turbulence; and deep interior dynamics relevant to planetary cores, icy moons, gas giants, and stellar interiors.

This session focuses on the fundamental mechanisms governing rotating and rotating-stratified flows in natural systems, and welcomes studies that provide physical insight into these processes across geophysical and astrophysical contexts.

This session is complementary to the EGU session on 'Stratified Turbulence in Geophysical and Astrophysical Flows', with an emphasis on rotational effects and on the coupled dynamics of waves, vortices, turbulence, and mean flows.

The investigation of the surfaces and internal structures of planetary bodies provides key insights into their formation and evolution. The surfaces of planets and moons can be studied using cameras, multispectral data, geochemical measurements, and laboratory experiments. Geophysical datasets—especially seismic, gravity and (electro)magnetic observations—are key to inferring the internal structure and dynamics of terrestrial and giant planets, their moons, as well as asteroids and planetesimals.
The combination of surface observations and laboratory experiments with geophysical modeling is crucial to reconstruct the internal structure of planetary bodies and to explore the geodynamic processes that have shaped planetary surfaces and interiors. For instance, multispectral imaging and experimental analyses link remote sensing data to mineralogical and physical properties, offering insights into the composition of outer and internal shells. Gravity and magnetic data together with altimetry measurements provide constraints on the differentiation, density structure, and mechanical properties (i.e., rheology, elastic properties) of planetary interiors. Terrestrial analogs (e.g., terrestrial lava tubes, impact craters, volcanic products, tectonic structures, glaciers, subglacial lakes, etc.) are also investigated through a multidisciplinary approach that combines surface observations with modeling of magnetic and gravity data to understand the geological, volcanic, and tectonic processes across terrestrial planets and icy satellites. These complementary approaches, together with geological mapping and interpretation, provide an integrated framework for how planetary bodies formed, differentiated, and evolved.
This session focuses on the instruments, measurement techniques, modeling approaches, geological interpretation, terrestrial analogues and laboratory studies that provide important constraints on the evolution of planetary surfaces and interiors. We invite contributions addressing current methods and innovative strategies to overcome existing scientific/technical/methodological challenges. Results from past, ongoing, and forthcoming missions, integrative multi-dataset analyses, and forward-looking exploration concepts are also encouraged. The session aims to provide an overview of the latest observations, methods, and experiments that allow exploring the processes shaping planetary bodies and outline pathways for major discoveries in the coming decades.

This open session provides the opportunity for contributions that fall within the broad topic of Palaeomagnetism but do not fit into any of the other proposed sessions. The session invites new studies from all areas of palaeomagnetism, rock and bio and environmental magnetism, which have an impact on climatic, stratigraphic, tectonic or environmental applications. This also includes new theoretical models or measurement techniques.

Satellite data and geomagnetic observatories give us a detailed picture of the modern geomagnetic field and the Sun–Earth system. To look further back, we can turn to geological archives, offshore cores, stratigraphic sequences, cosmogenic radionuclide records (e.g., ¹⁰Be), and geo/paleomagnetic reconstructions. Together, these records allow us to investigate how the Earth’s magnetic field, environmental conditions, and solar activity have changed over centuries, millennia, and longer geological timescales, and to explore the links between them. This long-term perspective is essential for understanding the modern Earth–Sun system, in which the geomagnetic field connects processes ranging from the Earth’s deep interior to the atmosphere and near-Earth space. It also often requires combining magnetic information with other proxies, models, and observations across different timescales. This combination can bring additional benefits, for example, helping to tackle the dating uncertainties that many paleo-sciences face.

This session welcomes studies linking geomagnetism, paleomagnetism, rock and environmental magnetism with solar variability (irradiance), cosmogenic radionuclides, paleoclimate proxies, space climate and other fields. We particularly encourage contributions that combine different geophysical and geological records, proxies, methods or timescales, including links with paleoclimate records, modelling, and modern ground-based and satellite observations. The session aims to bring these communities together and explore the links between geomagnetic, solar and Earth-system variability across different timescales.

Recent methodological and instrumental advances in paleomagnetic and magnetic fabric techniques are continuously increasing their already high potential in solving research questions in various Earth science disciplines. Integrated paleomagnetic and magnetic fabric studies, together with structural geology and petrology, are very efficient tools in increasing our knowledge about sedimentological, tectonic or volcanic processes, both on regional and global scale. This session is intended to give an opportunity to present innovative theoretical or methodological paleomagnetic and magnetic fabric works and their direct applications in different geological settings. Especially welcome are contributions combining paleomagnetic and magnetic fabric data retrieved by several means of fabric analysis (magnetic and non-magnetic), or showing novel approaches in data evaluation. We also solicit contributions from both experimental and theoretical aspects of paleomagnetic reconstructions, remagnetisation processes and acquisition of petrofabrics.

Reconstructing the spatial and temporal evolution of the Earth’s magnetic field relies on high-quality paleomagnetic and archaeomagnetic records, robust chronological constraints, and increasingly sophisticated modelling approaches. Integrating these different components is essential for advancing our understanding of geomagnetic field behaviour over timescales ranging from decades and centuries to millions of years. This session aims to bring together researchers working across the different stages of geomagnetic field reconstruction, from the acquisition and interpretation of directional and absolute paleointensity data to their integration into regional and global geomagnetic field models. We welcome contributions presenting new paleomagnetic records from all kinds of archives, including archaeological materials, volcanic rocks, and sediments, as well as studies addressing directional and paleointensity methods, data reliability and selection criteria, chronological uncertainties, and the development and improvement of paleomagnetic databases. The session also welcomes contributions on magnetostratigraphy and geomagnetic field variations recorded in sedimentary and volcanic sequences, including studies that refine chronological frameworks and provide new constraints on the long-term evolution and polarity behaviour of the geomagnetic field.
Particular attention will be given to approaches that bridge observations and modelling, including regional and global geomagnetic field reconstructions, data assimilation and statistical approaches, the treatment and propagation of uncertainties, and comparisons between different datasets and models. By bringing together paleomagnetists and geomagnetic field modellers, the session seeks to foster dialogue and collaboration across these communities and to explore how new data, improved chronologies, and advances in modelling strategies can jointly contribute to more robust reconstructions of the Earth’s magnetic field through time.

Palaeomagnetic observations underpin reconstructions of plate motions, investigations of geomagnetic-field evolution and reversals, and studies of the timing and environmental setting of geological processes. Their interpretation, however, relies on the extent to which natural remanent magnetisation (NRM) faithfully records both the ambient field and the geological history of a material. Establishing that fidelity, and identifying the circumstances in which it is degraded, remains a central challenge in palaeomagnetism, rock and environmental magnetism, planetary science, as well as magnetic-materials research.
This session will explore the acquisition, stability, alteration, and measurement of magnetic remanence in natural and synthetic materials. It hopes to bring together those who examine how processes operating at the scale of magnetic domains and individual grains with those looking at larger mineral-scale behaviour and, ultimately, to the bulk signals measured in palaeomagnetic samples and used in geological interpretation.
While micromagnetic theory and modelling offer powerful ways to bridge these scales, the session will take a deliberately broad approach, bringing together theoretical and numerical studies with laboratory experiments, magnetic imaging, observational work, and geological applications.
Contributions are invited that test the assumptions underlying palaeomagnetic interpretation; identify sources of bias, overprinting, and uncertainty; and develop methods to recognise, quantify, and, where possible, correct unreliable magnetic records.

Quantum Diamond Microscopy (QDM) is emerging as a powerful tool in palaeomagnetism and rock magnetism. Much of the excitement surrounding the technique stems from its ability to resolve individual magnetic anomalies at the microscale, allowing the direction and intensity of magnetic remanence to be investigated at the level of individual magnetic carriers. Combined with chemical, mineralogical, and imaging techniques, QDM provides a level of spatial control that is difficult to achieve using conventional bulk palaeomagnetic methods. Yet QDM is not simply a palaeomagnetic tool. It is a broadly applicable geoscientific microscope for investigating processes recorded by magnetic minerals. Rocks form, deform, and undergo alteration through a wide range of geological processes, and their remanence carriers can preserve spatially resolved signatures of these events. In volcanic rocks, for example, magnetic inclusions within feldspar phenocrysts may define fabrics that record magma flow and emplacement. In sedimentary or altered rocks, fluid circulation may trigger the crystallisation of new magnetic minerals, allowing remanence directions within microveins or reaction zones to be compared directly with those of the surrounding matrix. At still smaller scales, QDM can be used to investigate magnetic particles biosynthesised by microorganisms, providing insight into (e.g.) how magnetosome arrangements and magnetic interactions contribute to magnetotaxis. As QDM becomes increasingly accessible across geosciences, a key challenge is identifying the scientific questions for which this technique can provide unique insights, and developing an understanding of its methodological challenges, limitations, and best practices as the community gains experience with QDM. This session aims to bring together not only palaeomagnetists, but geoscientists from a broad range of disciplines who use or would like to use QDM to address spatially localised scientific questions. By showcasing applications across geological, geochemical, biological, and planetary materials, we seek to demonstrate how microscale magnetic imaging can reveal processes that are obscured in bulk measurements and to inspire new ways of using QDM to tackle geoscientific problems.

Establishing reliable chronological frameworks is fundamental to the interpretation of sedimentary records and to reconstructing the timing, duration and rates of geological and environmental processes. Sedimentary archives span a wide range of timescales and depositional environments, and their chronological characterization often requires the integration of different dating techniques and stratigraphic approaches. However, the accuracy, precision and applicability of these methods may vary depending on the material, age range, depositional setting and preservation of the sedimentary record. This session aims to bring together researchers working on the development and application of absolute and relative dating techniques, geochronology and chronostratigraphy in sedimentary successions across different timescales. We welcome contributions using a broad range of approaches, including radiocarbon, luminescence, cosmogenic nuclides, tephrochronology, magnetostratigraphy, biostratigraphy, chemostratigraphy, cyclostratigraphy, event stratigraphy and other chronological and stratigraphic correlation methods.
Particular attention will be given to studies integrating multiple dating techniques, comparing independent chronological constraints, improving age models and stratigraphic correlations, and addressing methodological limitations, uncertainties and potential biases. We also encourage contributions presenting methodological advances, novel chronological markers, innovative analytical or modelling approaches, and strategies for dating challenging or discontinuous sedimentary records and contributing to environmental and paleoclimatic reconstructions.
Applications from terrestrial, lacustrine, fluvial, coastal and marine environments are welcome, from recent and Quaternary deposits to deep-time sedimentary successions. By bringing together geochronologists, stratigraphers, sedimentologists and researchers from related disciplines, this session seeks to promote interdisciplinary discussion on how different chronological approaches can be integrated to improve our understanding of time in the sedimentary record and its application to geological, palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic research.

Archaeometry, while a broad discipline, is an important area of geoscience research, often seeking to not only utilise existing methodologies, but also pioneer new methods or approaches which often have interdisciplinary applications. Recent advances in the field across many sub-disciplines such as pigment research, conservation, paleoclimate reconstructions, mineral magnetism and dating have resulted in high-impact publications, and new insights into our understanding of the past. The interdisciplinary nature of archaeometry often means those working on novel, or interesting applications of geoscience methods can miss the opportunity to benefit from the knowledge of others working at the forefront of methods development in the field.

This session aims to bring together researchers working on novel methods or applications of methods to discuss recent advances in provenance studies, conservation, paleoclimate reconstructions and dating. We particularly welcome contributions addressing geoscience applications in pigment and materials research.

We invite contributions where geoscience methods are used to answer archaeological questions, in particular new applications, innovative approaches and novel methods are especially welcome.

The session will provide a forum to bring together those working at the forefront of their field, bringing together those bridging archaeometry and geoscience to exchange ideas, compare approaches, identify common challenges and foster new opportunities for collaborations.