Over the past 500 million years, Earth has experienced multiple episodes of profound perturbations to climate, biogeochemical cycles, and ecosystems. Proxy records and multidisciplinary approaches have revealed compelling temporal and causal links between these environmental perturbations and major volcanic episodes, bolide impacts, and other enigmatic events. However, our understanding of the wider context and nature of environmental changes before, during, and after these perturbation intervals remain incomplete. This session invites contributions presenting the latest research advances on the end-Ordovician, Late and end-Devonian, end-Permian, end-Triassic, end-Cretaceous mass extinctions, and other periods of biotic crisis and/or global climate, such as Oceanic Anoxic Events or the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum. We welcome research spanning geology, geochemistry, geophysics, paleontology, and biology that investigates causes, environmental responses, ecosystem collapse, resilience, and recovery across these critical intervals of Earth history.