Recent findings from the Paleozoic Caledonian (North European), Appalachian (North American), and Variscan (European–North African) belts highlight overlapping timelines for major magmatic and tectono-metamorphic events. This synchronization suggests these orogenies were interconnected, driven by the simultaneous subduction of the Iapetus and Rheic oceans during much of their evolution. However, reconstructing this complex orogenic collage remains difficult because subsequent tectonic and thermal events have overprinted primary structures, obscuring vital geochronological, structural, and geochemical data. Consequently, understanding the continuity between distinct terranes and oceanic sutures remains a major challenge. To address these questions, we invite contributions that advance our understanding of these large-scale geodynamic processes. We highly encourage multidisciplinary regional studies, detailed petrological and geochronological research, and integrative lithospheric- to mantle-scale models.