Climate change will lead to periods of intense rainfall, along with increased drought and heatwaves. This stresses landscapes in ways not experienced in our living memory. The critical zone, from tree canopy to unfractured bedrock, is likely compartmentalized, and the interactions between each compartment will evolve under climate extremes. The subsurface will control how landscapes respond, erode, and recover from extreme events (for example, how soils erode, gullies form, landslides initiate, and how rivers incise and transport sediment). In turn, these geomorphic changes further modify infiltration, groundwater recharge, subsurface flow paths, rock fracturing and weathering. Human activities and infrastructure such as dams, irrigation, deforestation, and urbanization further reshape these interactions by altering water and sediment connectivity. We propose a session that will explore the connectivity and feedbacks among the geosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and technosphere, and how their interactions shape landscape response to change. We invite contributions that seek to model, measure, and observe the functioning of the surface and subsurface as well as interactions between the surface and subsurface, from soils to groundwater and from hillslopes and intermittent streams to rivers.