Space weather and space climate encompass the dynamic interactions between the Sun and Earth, occurring across timescales from minutes to decades. These interactions involve processes occurring at the Sun, in the heliosphere, magnetosphere, ionosphere, thermosphere, and lower atmosphere. Key drivers include coronal mass ejections (CMEs), interplanetary shocks, and solar energetic particle (SEP) events. Predicting extreme space weather events and developing mitigation strategies is essential because space assets and critical infrastructures, such as satellite systems, communication and navigation networks, power grids, and aviation operations, are highly sensitive to the space environment. Conducting post-event analyses is crucial for improving and maintaining numerical models that can predict extreme space weather events and prevent the failure of critical infrastructures.

This session focuses on the current state of space weather products and explores new ideas and developments that can improve our understanding of space weather and space climate and their impact on critical infrastructure. We invite contributions on topics including, but not limited to: forecasting and nowcasting tools and services; satellite observations and data assimilation techniques; numerical model development, validation, and verification; machine learning applications in space weather prediction; generation and refinement of solar, geomagnetic, and ionospheric indices. We particularly welcome interdisciplinary and collaborative approaches that bridge research and operational communities. Contributions that address the drivers and the real-world impacts of space weather on systems such as aviation, pipelines, power distribution, human spaceflight, and auroral tourism are strongly encouraged.