The Earth’s magnetic field is produced by dynamo action in the liquid iron core, which has profound influence on our habitable planet. One of the most striking manifestations of the geodynamo are complete reversals of the dipole. Numerical simulations indicate that the lower mantle has a manifold impact on the dynamo whereby the absolute value and pattern of the heat flux through the core-mantle boundary affects the field strength, field geometry and reversal rate. However, neither the structure and the long-term evolution of the lower mantle and the core, nor the coupling between the two, are well understood. Moreover, field strength and reversal rate likely influence the survival and evolution of magnetoreceptive organisms, especially magnetotatic bacteria. We invite contributions that aim at understanding the long-term evolution of the geomagnetic field and Earth's core dynamics, deep mantle dynamics and its influence on the geodynamo. This interdisciplinary session aims to bring together paleomagnetists, seismologists, dynamo modellers, mantle dynamicists, mineral physicists, and biologists.

Climate change-induced drought and extreme events are exerting increasing pressure on forest persistence and resilience. This pressure manifests across biological, spatial and temporal scales, from trees adjusting physiological processes and resource allocation under limiting water conditions to changes in interactions among individuals, species and their environment. These responses can translate into altered growth and functioning, increased mortality, and shifts in population dynamics and community structure.
A major challenge is to understand how processes and responses observed at one organizational scale relate to those emerging at others. This requires integrating complementary perspectives.
This session welcomes research connecting two or more scales of tree-to-forest responses, from biochemical and ecophysiological processes to, populations, communities and landscapes. We invite contributions using stable isotopes, tree rings, ecophysiological measurements, experiments, long-term forest observations, remote sensing, demographic approaches aimed at understanding the processes of forest resilience in a rapidly changing climate.

Tropical wetlands provide ecosystem services worth billions of dollars annually through flood regulation, water purification, carbon storage, fisheries, and biodiversity support, while also emitting globally significant amounts of methane. Significant uncertainties remain in our understanding of the processes linking catchment-scale hydrodynamics, seasonal inundation, wetland vegetation, biogeochemistry, and atmospheric greenhouse gas fluxes across tropical wetland landscapes.

These uncertainties limit our ability to predict how a warmer and wetter climate may alter tropical wetland methane emissions. Improving process-level understanding of this coupled hydrological-ecological-biogeochemical system is essential for constraining a potentially important, yet poorly characterised, wetland-climate feedback in the Earth system.

We welcome contributions spanning field observations, laboratory experiments, remote sensing, data assimilation, modelling, and theory. Topics include wetland hydrology and inundation dynamics; vegetation structure, function, and environmental responses; methane production, oxidation, transport, and emissions; carbon cycling; land-atmosphere interactions; and the impacts of climate variability, extremes, and land-use change.

We particularly encourage interdisciplinary studies that link processes across scales, from microbial and plant dynamics to regional and global assessments. Contributions that improve the representation of tropical wetlands in Earth system models, develop novel observational capabilities, or integrate in situ, airborne, and satellite datasets are especially encouraged.

Ecosystem respiration is a fundamental flux in the global carbon cycle, yet its full interpretation remains constrained by the incomplete consideration of the counterflow of atmospheric oxygen (O₂) into soils—the so-called "forgotten half" of the respiratory process. The respiration quotient (RQ = CO₂ produced / O₂ consumed) offers a unique, integrative signal that reflects not only microbial metabolic activity but also the interplay of biotic processes, abiotic gas transport, and redox dynamics across scales—from microbial communities to entire ecosystems. RQ values deviate in many cases from the simple expectations of RQ ~1.0, indicating the influence of diverse processes such as fermentation, nitrification, mineral weathering, and incomplete mixing.
Despite its potential, RQ remains underutilized in many fields of research from the microscale to large-scale ecological and atmospheric studies due to the technical challenges of high-precision O₂ measurements— which is necessary especially given the high atmospheric background (20.95%). To overcome this, we want to bring together people and ideas of different fields who try to tackle this challenge and answer questions related to the CO₂ - O₂ exchange of the living but also non-living environment.
We invite atmospheric scientists, microbial ecologists, and biogeochemists to join this emerging frontier: where the subtle interplay of CO₂ and O₂ fluxes reveals the hidden logic of ecosystem respiration—from the microscale of microbial metabolism to the macroscale of global carbon budgets. This session lays the foundation for a new generation of integrated, process-based monitoring networks that connect the biosphere’s breath to the atmosphere’s pulse.

In recent years, technologies based on Artificial Intelligence (AI), such as image processing, smart sensors, and intelligent inversion, have garnered significant attention from researchers in the geosciences community. These technologies offer the promise of transitioning geosciences from qualitative to quantitative analysis, unlocking new insights and capabilities previously thought unattainable.
One of the key reasons for the growing popularity of AI in geosciences is its unparalleled ability to efficiently analyze vast datasets within remarkably short timeframes. This capability empowers scientists and researchers to tackle some of the most intricate and challenging issues in fields like Geophysics, Seismology, Hydrology, Planetary Science, Remote Sensing, and Disaster Risk Reduction.
As we stand on the cusp of a new era in geosciences, the integration of artificial intelligence promises to deliver more accurate estimations, efficient predictions, and innovative solutions. By leveraging algorithms and machine learning, AI empowers geoscientists to uncover intricate patterns and relationships within complex data sources, ultimately advancing our understanding of the Earth's dynamic systems. In essence, artificial intelligence has become an indispensable tool in the pursuit of quantitative precision and deeper insights in the fascinating world of geosciences.
For this reason, aim of this session is to explore new advances and approaches of AI in Geosciences.

The radioactive materials are known as polluting materials that are hazardous for human society, but are also ideal markers in understanding dynamics and physical/chemical/biological reactions chains in the environment. Therefore, man-made radioactive contamination involves regional and global transport and local reactions of radioactive materials through atmosphere, soil and water system, ocean, and organic ecosystem, and its relations with human and non-human biota. The topic also involves hazard prediction, risk assessment, nowcast, and countermeasures, which is now urgent important for the nuclear power plants in Ukraine, the Middle East, etc.

By combining long monitoring data (> halftime of Cesium 137 after the Chornobyl Accident in 1986, 16 years after the Fukushima Accident in 2011, and other events), we can improve our knowledgebase on the environmental behavior of radioactive materials and its environmental/biological impact. This should lead to improved monitoring systems in the future including emergency response systems, acute sampling/measurement methodology, and remediation schemes for any future nuclear accidents. Furthermore, the discharge of ALPS-treated water into the ocean, carried out as part of the decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, has attracted international attention and demonstrated that decommissioning a nuclear power plant that has suffered an accident requires a fundamentally different approach from that of a conventional decommissioning. Studies on past nuclear contamination events and other environmental radioactivity datasets are also welcome.

The following specific topics have traditionally been discussed:
(a) Atmospheric Science (emissions, transport, deposition, pollution);
(b) Hydrology (transport in surface and ground water system, soil-water interactions);
(c) Oceanology (transport, bio-system interaction);
(d) Soil System (transport, chemical interaction, transfer to organic system);
(e) Forestry;
(f) Natural Hazards (warning systems, health risk assessments, geophysical variability);
(g) Measurement Techniques (instrumentation, multipoint data measurements);
(h) Ecosystems (migration/decay of radionuclides).

The MacGyver session focuses on novel sensors made, or data sources unlocked, by scientists. All geoscientists are invited to present:
- new sensor systems, using technologies in novel or unintended ways,
- new data storage or transmission solutions sending data from the field with LoRa, WIFI, GSM, or any other nifty approach,
- started initiatives (e.g., Open-Sensing.org) that facilitate the creation and sharing of novel sensors, data acquisition and transmission systems.

Connected a sensor to an Arduino or Raspberri Pi? Used the new Lidar in the new iPhone to measure something relevant for hydrology? 3D printed an automated water quality sampler? Or build a Cloud Storage system from Open Source Components? Show it!

New methods in hydrology, plant physiology, seismology, remote sensing, ecology, etc. are all welcome. Bring prototypes and demonstrations to make this the most exciting Poster Only (!) session of the General Assembly.

This session is co-sponsered by MOXXI, the working group on novel observational methods of the IAHS.

This session invites contributions that advance a comprehensive understanding and quantification of climate shifts across multiple timescales, from local to global scales. Submissions may highlight new (multi-)proxy reconstructions from diverse archives, chronological improvements, emerging statistical approaches, and/or climate simulations that help identify, quantify, and interpret transient vs. abrupt climate changes across Quaternary glacial-interglacial cycles.

The session welcomes participants beyond the INTIMATE network who contribute to its central aims: progress on relative or absolute chronological methods, the reduction of reconstruction uncertainties, multi-site integration towards common timescales (e.g., to the Greenland event stratigraphy), a dedicated use of model-data or multi-proxy comparisons to disentangle climate or ecosystem signals, and exploring teleconnections, i.e., linking impacts to different climate system components across time and space.

We particularly invite studies that improve our understanding of atmosphere–ocean linkages of extreme climate events (e.g., AMOC weakening), those that seek to separate signals of changing seasonality and/or temperature vs. hydroclimate and their implications on past societies, as well as ecosystems. Where applicable, we encourage contributions that reflect on the potential implications of past climate shifts for: (1) understanding future climate change; (2) assessing impacts on terrestrial ecosystems and societies; and (3) identifying links between extreme climate states on land and changes in ocean circulation, external forcing, internal climate variability, or volcanic activity.

The terrestrial water cycle is usually studied one compartment at a time: precipitation by meteorologists, runoff and recharge by hydrologists, aquifers by hydrogeologists, and evapotranspiration by land-surface scientists. Yet climate change, land-use change and human water use act mainly on the links between these compartments. They change how rainfall is partitioned at the surface, how much reaches aquifers and how long it is stored there, and how much returns to the atmosphere to fall again as rain.

This session invites studies that cross at least one of these boundaries. Relevant topics include precipitation extremes, monsoons and atmospheric rivers and their imprint on runoff and recharge; soil moisture, infiltration, and snow and glacier melt; groundwater recharge, surface water–groundwater exchange, and storage change from GRACE and in-situ networks; evapotranspiration, moisture recycling and irrigation feedbacks; and the carbon, solutes and pollutants that water carries along its flow paths, including greenhouse-gas emissions from reservoirs. We also welcome interventions that deliberately reconnect the loop, such as managed aquifer recharge and nature-based solutions. Methods that link compartments are equally welcome: isotopes and tracers, remote sensing, coupled and hybrid models, and explainable machine learning.

We particularly encourage work on water-balance closure across scales, studies from data-scarce and monsoon-dominated regions, and research that turns whole-cycle understanding into water-security decisions. Early-career scientists are strongly encouraged to submit.

Phenological changes induced by ongoing climate change are affecting species, ecosystems, and even the global climate by altering species performance, species interactions (potential mismatches and new opportunities in the food web), and water and carbon cycles. Observations of plant and animal phenology as well as remote sensing and modeling studies document complex interactions and raise many open questions about the future sustainability of species and ecosystems. In this session we invite all contributions that address seasonality changes based on plant and animal phenological observations, pollen monitoring, historical documentary sources, or seasonality measurements using climate data, remote sensing, flux measurements, modeling studies or experiments. We also welcome contributions addressing cross-disciplinary perspectives and international collaborations and program-building initiatives including citizen science networks and data analyses from these networks.
This session is organized by a consortium representing the International Society of Biometeorology (Phenology Commission), the Pan-European Phenology Network - PEP725, the Swiss Academy of Science SCNAT, the TEMPO French Phenology Network and the USA National Phenology Network.

Drylands cover 41% of Earth’s land surface, are home to over a third of the world’s population, store a third of global soil organic carbon and significantly contribute to the trend and interannual variability of the net land carbon sink. At the same time, drylands are vulnerable to climate and land-use change, and projected intensifying climate extremes, and disturbances pose potential threats to future ecosystem services and livelihoods. Yet, much about dryland ecosystem dynamics remains poorly understood, in part because of the importance of rapid-onset and highly localized events, emphasizing the need for improved understanding of dryland processes and their response to global change.
This session welcomes studies that advance our understanding of ecosystem dynamics in drylands, their role in carbon, water, and nutrient cycling, and the implications for ecosystem resilience under current and future global change. We specifically encourage submissions that (i) focus on interactions among dryland ecology, hydrology, and climatology; (ii) present the development or application of novel approaches to quantify and characterize carbon-water-ecosystem interactions across space and time; and (iii) address challenges such as temporal and spatial variability and heterogeneity, pulse-driven dynamics, and measurement and modeling needs specific to drylands.

The study of water-related ecosystems covers a wide range of applicative contexts, entailing many scientific challenges and several diversified technological solutions.
Nowadays, the sustainable management of water resources requires a holistic approach, which attains to the soil, vegetation and all the living things interacting with the water.
The transition from the mere monitoring of the processes related to water systems to the wider concept of “water habitats”, implies the study of such ecological interactions in various possible scenarios, which are often characterised by a strong relationship between natural and anthropogenic contexts.
In this challenging framework, research activities aimed at developing efficient monitoring technologies and management strategies are encouraged to embrace a highly multidisciplinary approach. Here, water management meets noticeable ecological, economic and social implications, and the public awareness of such implications is rapidly growing.
Accordingly, scientific/technological advancements have to go beyond the observation of water bodies and their related processes and infrastructures, by extending the scope to the water habitats and the many measurable indicators of their functions and health status, directly or indirectly related to water, such as water quality, biodiversity, plant ecophysiology, and resilience to environmental extremes.

This session welcomes contributions related to the monitoring of water systems and their characteristic habitats about:
• design of field measurement instrumentation
• development of new sensing techniques, innovative field experiments
• application of remote sensing products
• advancements in sensor networks
• Integration between sensor systems and computational tasks
• Investigations about data science aspects, e.g. geospatial analyses, big data and AI applications.

Contributions may regard (but are not limited to) rivers & lakes, wetlands, irrigated areas, forests and natural habitats, coastal zone, urban habitats and water infrastructures, including distribution networks. Both qualitative and quantitative assessments are appreciated.
Studies regarding groundwater monitoring and management and its interaction with surface processes are also relevant to this session and are very encouraged.

Methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) are major, long-lived greenhouse gases (GHG), which foster global warming and significantly impact atmospheric chemistry dynamics. As a vast component of the Earth System, the aquatic realm is key for the balance between sources and sinks of these gases and largely determines their contribution to the global radiative balance. Hence, understanding the mechanisms of production, consumption, and emissions of these aquatic GHG is crucial for improving predictions of their future changes with ongoing climate change.

While the overall distribution of CH4 and N2O across the water column and sediments in marine, estuarine, and lacustrine systems is well documented, understanding of GHG cycling and emissions in the aquatic realm remains a major scientific challenge. This is largely due to the complex interactions between geological, oceanographic/limnological, biological, and anthropogenic processes. Furthermore, although it is well established that CH4 and N2O emissions offset natural CO2 uptake by aquatic systems, the magnitude of this counteracting effect, as well as their temporal and spatial variability, is still highly uncertain.

This session invites contributions addressing recent advances in understanding the biogeochemical cycling, microbial pathways, and fluxes of CH4 and N2O in aquatic environments. We welcome studies based on laboratory and mesocosm experiments, field observations, remote sensing and modelling approaches. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to:

• CH4 and N2O cycling in estuaries, bays, fjords, coastal lagoons and other transitional water bodies across all latitudes, as well as fluxes across the sediment-water(ice)-air interfaces.

• The role of current and projected environmental perturbations such as eutrophication, deoxygenation and warming as drivers of CH4 and N2O cycling at the land-ocean continuum (e.g. through riverine input and submarine groundwater discharge).

• The impact of extreme events (e.g. heat waves, storms, floods) on CH4 and N2O cycling and emissions.

• CH4 and N2O formation, transport, and consumption, including specific microbial processes involved.

• Microbe-mineral and microbe-animal interactions (including symbioses) and how these affect CH4 and N2O turnover.

• Quantification of the contribution of CH4 and N2O emissions to overall radiative balance of aquatic systems.

Fire has emerged as a dominant driver of change in tropical forests. In Amazonia, understory fire and degradation now affect an area comparable to the area deforested. Severe and frequent droughts, combined with widespread degradation, have caused areas with little recent history of fire to burn. There remains large uncertainty in how much carbon is lost to degradation, the time for degraded forests to recover structure, diversity, and carbon, and the role of fire in changing soil carbon fractions, including charcoal.

Soil radiocarbon analyses and new approaches to estimate pyrogenic carbon provide baseline data spanning centuries to millennia to assess modern fire regimes. Burn experiments, burn chronosequences, and plot networks assessing long-term change provide key ground-based data. Satellite data and modelling enable regional assessment and scaling. Combining these approaches and data can help to address knowledge gaps and large uncertainties in tropical carbon budgets. This session spans field, laboratory, remote sensing and modelling research on fire regimes, pyrogenic carbon, degradation and carbon in tropical forests. We invite contributions on:

--Reconstruction of fire history from soil charcoal radiocarbon, stable isotopes, and phytoliths and what it reveals about Holocene/pre-Columbian baselines for fires burning today;
--Pyrogenic carbon production, drivers, stocks, and turnover, and its role in soil fertility and carbon balance;
--Secondary and burned forest structure, tree composition, carbon stocks/fluxes, and their recovery following degradation;
--Controls on where and how tropical forests burn, including fire severity and intensity, flammability, and microclimate, and early-warning and forecasting;
--Approaches including Earth observation, forest and soil carbon models, soil respiration, scaling plot data to regional scales and assessing uncertainty.

Interdisciplinary contributions, work spanning tropical regions, and studies linking data over past and contemporary disturbance are especially welcome. Presentations by early career scientists and researchers based in tropical countries are encouraged.

Skeletal remains, like shells, ossicles, corals, bones, or fish otoliths, are valuable archives of physical, chemical, or paleogenetic information, helping us understand ecological and environmental changes over periods ranging from decades to millennia, whether on land or in the ocean. This session invites researchers who employ these archives to reconstruct changes in species and ecosystems in relation to climate variability and/or human impacts across both the deep time and the recent past. We encourage contributions that focus on biotic interactions, species and community dynamics, sclerochronology, isotope geochemistry, trait-based analyses, morphometric approaches, and ancient DNA/sedimentary DNA, in particular conservation-oriented case studies that combine data from modern biota and fossil remains. Complementary paleoecological archives—such as biogeochemical and isotopic signatures from sedimentary succession or archaeological middens—are also welcome, primarily when they document histories of environmental disturbance and its ecological consequences. We also welcome paleobiogeographic reconstructions that explore range shifts, corridor/barrier dynamics, and distributional disequilibria to inform how species’ spatial patterns have responded to past environmental change. In conclusion, by examining long-term records, we can gain insights into the potential consequences of present-day environmental stressors and climate change, reconstruct past dynamics of species and ecosystem changes, including extinction, recovery, and biogeographic shifts, and thus obtain valuable insights that can help us sketch the near-future trajectories of contemporary ecosystems.

Micropaleontological data provide unique insights into the dynamics and tipping points of past environments and climates through changes in the fossil record, including assemblage composition, morphology, and evolutionary patterns. Micropaleontology lies at the heart of biostratigraphy and provides a fundamental tool for reconstructing and stratigraphically constraining past changes in the Earth system. Our session aims to bring together a broad spectrum of micropaleontologists to showcase recent advances in the application of micropaleontological data to paleoenvironmental, paleoclimatological, and stratigraphic research in both marine and terrestrial settings.
We invite contributions from the field of micropaleontology that focus on the development and application of microfossils (including, but not limited to, coccolithophores, diatoms, dinoflagellates, foraminifera, ostracods, radiolarians, conodonts, and pollen) as proxies for paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatological reconstructions and tools for stratigraphic correlation. We particularly encourage submissions of multi-proxy approaches that merge micropaleontological, geochemical, and paleobiological information. The application of microfossils as stratigraphic markers and the advancement of multivariate statistical techniques with a focus on microfossil assemblages are encouraged.

Accurate reconstructions of sea surface, bottom water, and continental surface temperatures during the Cenozoic era are essential for understanding climate dynamics in the geological past, particularly under warmer-than-present conditions. However, producing robust and precise paleotemperature estimates remains inherently challenging. Temperature proxies are subject to a range of geochemical, biological, environmental, and analytical uncertainties, which lead to discrepancies in both absolute and relative temperature estimates across different methods. These limitations hinder efforts to synthesize globally representative paleotemperature records and to constrain the rates and magnitudes of global temperature changes in response to both abrupt and long-term changes in atmospheric CO2.

Addressing these challenges requires new approaches, including improved proxy calibrations, and more comprehensive inter-proxy and proxy-model comparisons, to obtain a better understanding of the uncertainties associated with paleotemperature reconstructions. In this session, we welcome contributions that push the boundaries of Cenozoic paleotemperature research, including new multi-proxy and multi-site temperature reconstructions, new advances in proxy ground-truthing, applications, and calibrations, and novel modelling perspectives on paleotemperature changes. By bringing together the diverse community using proxy and modelling techniques, we seek to increase the robustness of Cenozoic ocean and terrestrial temperature reconstructions. Ultimately, this will improve our understanding of Earth’s climate system and its behaviour during warmer-than-present states.

Speleothems are key terrestrial archives of regional to global palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental changes on sub-seasonal to orbital timescales. They provide high temporally resolved records which can be accurately and precisely dated using U–Th or U–Pb techniques in combination with a variety of proxies such as stable O and C isotopes and trace element ratios. Recent efforts have seen the rise in more non-traditional proxies, such as fluid inclusion water isotopes, organic biomarkers, pollen, dead carbon fraction etc. This advancement towards quantitative reconstructions of past precipitation, temperature, or other environmental variables and climate patterns are key for data-model comparisons and further evaluations. Beyond this, caves and karst areas additionally host an enormous suite of valuable proxy archives such as cave ice, cryogenic carbonates, clastic sediments, tufa, or travertine sequences, which complement the terrestrial palaeorecord, and are often associated with important fossils, historical or archaeological findings.

This session aims to integrate recent developments in the field and invites abstract submissions from a broad range of cave- and karst-related studies from orbital to sub-seasonal timescales.
In particular, we welcome contributions from:
(1) (quantitative) reconstructions of past climatic and environmental variables to explore precipitation, vegetation, fire frequency, and temperature changes across different climate zones;
(2) field- and lab-based developments of process-based methods to improve the application of cave and karst-related proxy variables;
(3) developments in chronological methods and their applications;
(4) process and proxy-system model studies as well as integrated research on developing and using databases such as SISAL (Speleothem Isotope Synthesis and AnaLysis).

We further welcome advancements in related and/or interdisciplinary areas, which pave the way towards robust (quantitative) interpretations of proxy time series, improve the understanding of proxy-relevant processes, or enable regional-to-global and seasonal-to-orbital scale analyses of the relationships between proxies and environmental parameters. In addition, research contributing to current international co-ordinated activities, such as the PAGES working group on Speleothem Isotopes Synthesis and AnaLysis (SISAL) and others are welcome.

Biogeodynamics, the study of the co-evolution of geo- and biosphere over geological time, brings together a diverse group of scientists, interested in how life and and planetary processes have co-evolved from the Precambrian to the present-day. This session highlights the interplay between biological evolution and tectonic, magmatic, and surface processes, exploring how changes in paleoenvironments and -geography have influenced the evolution of complex life - including animals, plants, and marine ecosystems - and how, in turn, biological processes reshape the solid Earth system. As a link between the two spheres, we seek to explore how greenhouse-icehouse climatic transitions have influenced biodiversity and ecosystems and how fossil records are linked to Earth system processes. As paleogeography exerts a fundamental control on Earth’s climate and the evolution of life, we welcome contributions that reconstruct paleogeography and explore its impacts, from the reconstruction of ancient supercontinents to the controls of ocean gateways on climate and biotic dispersals.
Biogeodynamics as an inherently multi-disciplinary subject aspires to better understand the complex coupling of biogeochemical cycles and life, the links between mass extinction and their causal geological events, how fossil records shed light on ecosystem drivers over deep time, and how tectono-geomorphic processes impact biodiversity patterns at global or local scales. We further encourage submissions that use new approaches to unravel the interplay between geodynamics, paleogeography, paleoclimate, and biological evolution across Earth’s history. We aim to understand our planet and its biosphere and climate through both observation- and modelling-based studies.

Northeast Greenland occupies an important position within the Arctic, linking the Greenland Ice Sheet and ice-free terrestrial landscapes with the Arctic Ocean and Greenland Sea. Geologically and environmentally, the region has undergone major change associated with the opening and deepening of Fram Strait, the onset and intensification of Arctic–Atlantic water exchange, the early formation of ephemeral glaciers, the later build-up of the Greenland Ice Sheet, and its repeated expansion and retreat throughout the Quaternary. Ice-core records from EGRIP provide insights into past climate and ice-sheet dynamics, while observations of the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream and its outlet glaciers reveal ongoing changes in one of the ice sheet's major drainage systems. Under ongoing anthropogenically forced warming, Northeast Greenland is particularly sensitive to Arctic amplification, resulting in rapid changes across its terrestrial, cryospheric, marine and atmospheric systems. Understanding these changes, their interactions and their future trajectories requires integration across disciplines and timescales.
We invite contributions from marine, cryospheric, terrestrial and atmospheric research focused on Northeast Greenland, extending from eastern North Greenland to northern East Greenland. Studies that improve our understanding of the region across geological timescales through the present and into the future, using geological and palaeoenvironmental archives, ice-core records, contemporary observations, process studies, remote sensing and numerical modelling, are all invited. We particularly encourage studies that explore connections among systems, including the dynamics and evolution of the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream, ice-sheet–ocean interactions, atmospheric and oceanic forcing, freshwater and sediment fluxes, ocean circulation and sea ice, long-term landscape evolution and its interactions with glaciation, permafrost dynamics, and terrestrial and marine ecosystem change.

Stable, radiogenic, and radioactive isotopes are fundamental tools for understanding Earth’s climate system. Isotopic measurements trace the chemical reactions, mass transfers, and biogeochemical cycles that link climate to other components of the Earth system, and they underpin many past climate reconstructions. Analytical advances, such as triple oxygen isotopes and compound-specific isotope analysis, are opening new avenues for scientific study, while established isotopic methods are steadily being applied to new archives and environmental settings. This session welcomes researchers developing and applying isotopic tools for past and present climate studies. We encourage contributions presenting new analytical methods, calibration and proxy advances, applications to new or underused archives, and modern studies that improve the interpretation of isotopic records. We also welcome studies that integrate isotopic data with geochemical, geomorphic, or climatological evidence, including multi-proxy archive studies, or with modelling approaches such as source mixing and isotope-enabled climate models.

High-resolution, non-destructive imaging techniques—including 3D micro-CT, micro-XRF core scanning, hyperspectral imagery, and multi-sensor optical logging—have revolutionized paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental research across sedimentary, speleothem, ice core, tree-ring, and biological archives. However, community-wide data synthesis remains hindered by non-standardized calibration protocols, disparate operating procedures, and unaligned data formats.

Organized in conjunction with the PAGES PaleoIMAGING Working Group, this session brings together empirical researchers, laboratory specialists, and data managers to showcase innovative scientific applications, proxy reconstructions, and community-wide harmonization.

We invite contributions covering:
1. Applied paleo-environmental, paleoclimate, and sedimentological studies using high-resolution core imaging modalities.
2. Novel imaging applications, sensor developments, and analytical processing methods.
3. Interlaboratory comparisons, standard reference materials, and physical calibration protocols.
4. Best practices, standard operating procedures (SOPs), and image processing/segmentation pipelines.
5. Open-access repositories, standardised data formats, and multi-modal dataset integration.

Foraminifera and other eukaryotic microfossils play a crucial role in understanding the biology, ecology, and evolution of marine and freshwater ecosystems across geological timescales. These organisms serve as key indicators for reconstructing past environments, deciphering ecosystem dynamics, and assessing the impacts of global change on aquatic systems. This session focuses on the biology, ecology and actuopalaeontology of foraminifera and other microeukaryotes, exploring their functional roles in ecosystems, their responses to environmental changes, and their potential as proxies for past, present, and future aquatic conditions.

We welcome contributions that employ laboratory and field experiments, field studies, genetics/genomics (including eDNA/metabarcoding), imaging and biomineralization studies, isotopic and trace element geochemistry, and quantitative data science, including statistical inference, machine learning, big data synthesis, and modelling.

On one hand, our goal is to develop robust, quantifiable proxies, transparently assess uncertainties, and strengthen the bridge from modern processes to the fossil record. On the other hand, in doing so, microfossils could provide decision relevant baselines for ecosystem function, in addition to informing conservation strategies and future scenarios in changing aquatic environments.

Biodiversity dynamics occur across a wide range of time scales, from nearly-instantaneous processes to emergence and disappearance of higher-order taxa occurring over millions of years. Processes operating on up to decadal time scales can be directly observed, but our knowledge of longer-term processes and rare events such as extinctions is largely derived from the geological record. Despite the importance of such dynamics in understanding the response of biodiversity to anthropogenic change, explicitly linking observational and geological time scales remains challenging. The difficulty results from differences in sampling resolution and limitations in our ability to resolve rates at conservation-relevant time scales. The potential of the fossil record to attribute observed changes as well as to inform conservation planning is therefore often underutilised.

In this session we aim to identify and explore the key challenges in and solutions for bridging observational and geological time scales in biodiversity research. We welcome interdisciplinary empirical, conceptual, and modelling-based contributions from across taxonomic groups, environmental realms, and temporal scales and periods. Successful case studies showcasing how fossil data have been used to address conservation issues are particularly welcome.

Alarming trends in global wildfire activity, and the associated risks to biospheric health, emphasise the importance of accurate baseline trends in pyroecology – exploring critical relationships between climate, vegetation, and fire through time. These trends have so far examined the role of anthropogenic activity in influencing wildfire behaviour, and how we may mitigate this hazard under progressive climate change. Evidence of wildfire in the past is found across a vast array of depositional environments - including peat, coal, consolidated and unconsolidated sediments (e.g., lacustrine), ice, speleothem, etc. – and in many forms, as both solid (e.g., charcoal) and gaseous (e.g., PAHs, soot, BPCAs) fractions of pyrogenic carbon. Applying wildfire-replicative experimentation, advanced spectroscopic techniques, and machine learning, recent developments in wildfire reconstruction have considered the true role of fire thermochemistry in driving the creation, alteration, and preservation of this evidence. This innovative research has challenged the historic identification of fire activity solely through qualitative means. Instead, new methods offer quantitative measures of past wildfire intensity, severity, fuel composition, and area burned that are consistent with modern principles in fire science. Supported by multi-proxy reconstructions of climate, hydrology, vegetation, and early anthropogenic behaviour, the study of past wildfire activity has entered a new phase of exploration. This session explores cutting-edge developments in wildfire reconstruction across a variety of methods, timescales, and environments. We seek to bring together voices from modern wildfire ecology, fire engineering, geochemistry, and palaeoecology to discuss how we may better integrate and inform our research going forward. We invite contributions that i) introduce novel techniques in past wildfire reconstruction, ii) evaluate and develop upon existing reconstruction methods, including but not limited to FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy, charcoal reflectance, charcoal concentration and morphometry, PAHs, BPCAs, charred phytoliths etc., or iii) explore and evaluate fire reconstruction in novel case studies (no specific environment, method or age remit). We strongly encourage contributions that integrate observations of modern wildfire or wildfire-replicative experimentation with new or existing methods in reconstruction, or where the implications for palaeoecology are expressly considered.

Despite methodological advances in functional microbial ecology, integrating this wealth of data into microbial biogeochemical models remains challenging. Data such as omics, stable isotope probing (SIP), and activity measurements can improve our fundamental understanding of biogeochemical cycles, and consequently increase model realism, and reduce uncertainty in model predictions, especially under scenarios of global change. Yet, a substantial knowledge gap remains in how this integration could be achieved. How can models invoke mechanisms that can be interrogated experimentally? What information can realistically be integrated and how much improvement can we expect? At the same time, how can we leverage model-generated hypotheses to design novel experiments to advance empirical ecology and theory?
This session aims to bring together empirical microbial studies and process-based modeling to close this gap. We welcome contributions using omics, SIP, activity-based approaches, and other methods targeting microbial functional traits, as well as modeling studies applying trait-based parameterization, genome-scale metabolic models, machine-learning-based trait inference, or data assimilation. We are particularly interested in how quantitative microbial traits that determine rates of biogeochemical cycling can be extracted from measurements to define functional groups that inform trait-based models. We envision presentations covering these topics in any biogeochemical context-from soils to sediments, from wetlands to oceans.

The subsurface hosts a biosphere in which microbial activities are tightly coupled to geological and biogeochemical processes. Across aquifers, sediments, and deep continental and oceanic crust, microorganisms obtain energy and nutrients from minerals, fluids, gases, and organic matter while transforming minerals, fluid chemistry, and elemental fluxes. Fundamental questions remain about how microorganisms persist under severe energy limitation, how geological and hydrological conditions regulate microbial ecophysiology and metabolism, and when microbial activity becomes significant for subsurface biogeochemical cycling.
This session explores reciprocal interactions between subsurface microorganisms and their geological environments. We welcome studies examining how mineralogy, fluid chemistry, redox conditions, hydrological connectivity, and energy availability shape microbial diversity, community assembly, activity, and metabolism, as well as how microorganisms drive mineral dissolution and precipitation, redox transformations, and mineral-mediated electron transfer.
Key topics include microbial survival under energy and nutrient limitation and physicochemical extremes; utilization of mineral-associated nutrients and geologically derived electron donors and acceptors; extracellular electron transfer; coupled carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, iron, methane, hydrogen, and other elemental cycles; syntrophy; cryptic cycling; and microbial production and consumption of greenhouse gases.
We encourage studies linking hydrological dynamics to geomicrobiological processes, including effects of groundwater flow, fluid mixing, connectivity, and redox fluctuations on microbial activity, reaction fronts, and biogeochemical hotspots. Applications to groundwater quality, contaminant attenuation, geological carbon storage, underground hydrogen storage, radioactive-waste disposal, and subsurface resource recovery are also within scope, as are studies of early Earth analogues and extraterrestrial habitability.
We welcome interdisciplinary approaches combining field observations, cultivation, multi-omics, isotope tracing, microscale imaging, mineralogical characterization, electrochemical measurements, and reactive transport modelling. By bringing together microbiologists, geochemists, mineralogists, hydrologists, biogeochemists, and planetary scientists, this session aims to advance a predictive understanding of subsurface life and its role in Earth-system biogeochemistry.

The concept of Earth as the sole body in the Solar System with liquid water that can harbor microbial life has been overturned by the discovery of multiple 'ocean worlds'. The Solar System is home to several planetary bodies with subsurface oceans of liquid water, including icy satellites such as Europa, Ganymede, Callisto, Enceladus, Titan and Triton, as well as dwarf planets like Pluto, and chief among these ocean worlds, the Earth. Furthermore, new icy and ocean worlds are being continuously discovered in other planetary systems as well. Like Earth, the exploration of these oceans includes both aspects of planetary evolution and habitability. The geodynamic role of oceans in planetary evolution is thus a crucial aspect of understanding not only planet formation, but the onset of biological activity as well. In what ways can the oceans of Earth serve as analogs for other oceans of the Solar System? What instrumentation can be implemented on the Earth now to further our understanding of these ocean worlds, and what technological advances might we expect in future exploration of subsurface liquid water environments beyond Earth?

This session focuses on analog sites, laboratory simulation, modeling, instrumentation and mission proposals. Coordination between Earth, marine and planetary science communities is encouraged, as well as emphasis on upcoming (e.g. JUICE and Dragonfly) and proposed missions (e.g. Enceladus Orbilander). Analog sites might encompass either geological or biological themes in the broader frame of habitability. Interfaces of ice-water (e.g. underside of floating ice shelfs and subglacial lakes), clathrate-water (e.g. ocean floor sediments, veins/fractures/faults, layered horizons and atmosphere particulates), seafloor-ocean, and rock-ice (i.e. glaciers) are of particular curiosity. Instrumentation includes sensors, buoys, submersibles, drilling and coring, as well as satellite instrumentation (e.g. spectrometers, magnetometers and gravimeters).

Plants and microorganisms in human space exploration play a key role in Bio-regenerative Life Support Systems (BLSS) for resource regeneration, food production, and crew well-being. Establishing sustainable extraterrestrial ecosystems requires an integrative understanding of how multiple space factors influence biological processes and bioregenerative elemental cycles in orbital platforms and planetary habitats.
This session focuses on plant and microbial responses to space factors, including altered gravity, ionizing radiation, and extreme geochemical constraints (e.g., regolith for In-situ Resource Utilization – ISRU), associated with spaceflight and planetary habitats. Altered gravity and ionizing radiation can affect metabolic, morpho-functional, and reproductive traits. When combined with unconventional growth substrates (e.g., lunar and Martian regolith), modified pressure, limited volumes, and reduced resources, these stressors produce complex, non-linear biological responses.
We invite contributions covering, but not limited to:
• Space Plant Biology: Molecular, epigenetic, morpho-anatomical, and physiological responses for acclimation and adaptation of plants to real or simulated space stressors
• Space Microbiology: Molecular, cellular, and other physiological and evolutionary responses of microorganisms to factors in BLSS
• Crop Performance and stress physiology in controlled systems
• Plant-Microbe Interactions & Microbiomes: Dynamics of microbial communities, plant-pathogen relationships, and the role of beneficial microorganisms in space cultivation
• ISRU & Pedogenesis: Regolith processing, bio-weathering, biomining, phytomining, organic matter accumulation, and the biotransformation of planetary materials into synthetic fertile soils
• Biogeochemical Cycling in BLSS: Nutrient dynamics (C, H, O, N, P, S, water, trace elements) and closed-loop life support system integration
• Experimental Platforms & Translation: Results from spaceflight missions, ground-based analogs, predictive modeling, and translation into strategies
• Planetary protection: Technologies, methods, and strategies to minimize the risks of forward contamination by microorganisms used in, or associated with, BLSS
By bridging plant biology, geomicrobiology, biogeochemistry, astrobiology, and space engineering, this session aims to advance an integrative understanding to drive sustainable deep-space exploration while informing solutions for resilient terrestrial agriculture.

Land surface processes play a crucial role in shaping Earth's climate system, mediating land-atmosphere interactions, and driving terrestrial water-carbon-energy feedbacks. Land Surface Models, as core components of Earth System Models (ESMs), influence climate projections in benchmarks such as the CMIP7. However, land hydrology and its interactions with other components of the Earth system (e.g. biosphere, biogeochemical cycles) remain poorly represented in most ESMs, potentially inducing erroneous responses to anthropogenic climate forcings at global to local scales and leading to misrepresentations of droughts and floods. For instance, ESMs do not represent the observed decline of groundwater levels in water-limited regions that threatens groundwater-dependent ecosystems and exacerbates drought persistence, thereby increasing the risk of ecosystem shifts and progressive desertification. This crosscutting session provides an open, interdisciplinary platform to bridge the gap between hydrologists, hydrogeologists, ecohydrologists, and climate modelers.

We invite observational, theoretical, and numerical modeling contributions that advance the integrated representation of hydrological, hydrogeological, biophysical, and ecosystem processes within land surface models across spatial and temporal scales. Key areas of focus include the representation of the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum, plant hydraulics, vegetation stress dynamics, and biosphere-mediated moisture recycling, alongside subsurface hydrogeology such as explicit groundwater-table dynamics, lateral flow, and deep aquifer linkages. Contributions addressing human-water-ecosystem interlinkages (e.g., groundwater abstraction, irrigation, land-use change), high-resolution ESM configurations, advanced observational networks, and emerging AI/machine learning techniques are also strongly encouraged.

The overarching aim of this session is to overcome historical disciplinary silos and establish a shared agenda across modeling communities. By aligning interdisciplinary priorities, addressing cross-scale parameterization challenges, and improving the evaluation of land-based mitigation and adaptation strategies, this session seeks to define future needs and collaborative opportunities for the next ESM generation.

Forests are dynamic systems increasingly affected by natural and anthropogenic disturbances, including wildfire, drought, storms, insects, disease, logging and land-use change. These disturbances influence individual trees, forest structure and composition, carbon storage, biodiversity, and ecosystem functioning, while forest recovery varies across spatial and temporal scales. Understanding these dynamics across scales is critical for assessing ecosystem resilience, quantifying forests’ contributions to the global carbon cycle, and supporting sustainable forest management under a changing climate.
This session highlights advances in remote sensing for detecting, characterizing and predicting forest disturbance, recovery and resilience across scales. We welcome contributions using optical, SAR, LiDAR, hyperspectral and thermal observations, together with time-series analysis, machine learning, ecological modeling, and data fusion. We particularly encourage studies that: (1) identify early warning signals of tree- and forest-level changes; (2) detect and quantify disturbance and recovery at tree, plot, forest, and landscape scales; (3) characterize changes in tree and forest structure, biomass, carbon, and function; (4) integrate observations across spatial and temporal scales; and (5) combine field measurements, process-oriented models and multi-source Earth observations to assess and simulate forest dynamics and resilience. Contributions using emerging satellite missions and novel approaches to connect tree-level processes with forest- and landscape-scale patterns are especially welcome.

Remote sensing data has become an essential tool for forest analysis, enabling observation of forest cover, structure, and change across large areas and over time. Satellite, airborne, and ground based sensors provide complementary views of forest ecosystems, capturing canopy structure, spectral reflectance, and biomass. A wide range of artificial intelligence and machine learning models, from classical statistical approaches to deep learning architectures such as convolutional networks and transformers, extract meaningful information from these data sources individually. Another direction is to combine these sources through multimodal fusion strategies, at the input, feature, or decision level, bringing together optical, radar, LiDAR, hyperspectral, and UAV based data to capture aspects of forest condition that no single sensor can reveal on its own, while environmental information such as climate, soil, topography, and hydrology can further help explain the underlying drivers of forest dynamics. Building on this, advances in deep learning, self-supervised learning, and foundation models offer new opportunities to learn from such large and heterogeneous datasets and transfer information across sensors, regions, and applications.
Several key questions remain around which data sources and combinations are most informative, how different modalities can be effectively integrated, what training and reference data are needed, and how emerging models can achieve robust and transferable performance across forest ecosystems. This session aims to bring these perspectives together, identify current needs and opportunities, and foster approaches that enable more transferable and scalable forest applications.
Topics of interest include, but are not limited to:
• Foundation models and pretraining strategies for forest applications
• Multimodal data fusion for forest monitoring
• Deep learning and novel AI and machine learning architectures for forest analysis
• Integration of remote sensing, environmental, and field data
• Tree and forest species mapping, classification, and health assessment
• Forest change over time

We particularly encourage contributions that explore the use of different data sources, multimodal data fusion, foundation models, or new methodological approaches, and we welcome early career scientists and researchers from diverse backgrounds and institutions.

Land–atmosphere interactions often play a decisive role in shaping climate extremes. As climate change continues to exacerbate the occurrence of extreme events, a key challenge is to unravel how land states regulate the occurrence of droughts, heatwaves, intense precipitation and other extreme events. This session focuses on how natural and managed land surface conditions (e.g., soil moisture, soil temperature, vegetation state, surface albedo, snow or frozen soil) interact with other components of the climate system – via water, heat and carbon exchanges – and how these interactions affect the state and evolution of the atmospheric boundary layer. Moreover, emphasis is placed on the role of these interactions in alleviating or aggravating the occurrence and impacts of extreme events. We welcome studies using field measurements, remote sensing observations, theory and modelling to analyse this interplay under past, present and/or future climates and at scales ranging from local to global but with emphasis on larger scales.

ESA’s Fluorescence Explorer (FLEX) is designed to provide new information on vegetation functioning, plant stress and the links between photosynthesis and the carbon and water cycles from space. Flying in tandem with Copernicus Sentinel-3, FLEX combines solar-induced fluorescence (SIF) products with complementary information on vegetation optical properties, surface temperature and atmospheric conditions at 300 m x 300 m spatial resolution.

Following its successful launch on 15 September 2026, FLEX entered its commissioning phase, during which instrument performance, calibration, product quality and end-to-end data processing are assessed and consolidated. These activities are essential to establish the scientific readiness of the mission and to prepare the transition towards routine operations and full scientific exploitation.

This session will provide a forum for presenting and discussing the first results from FLEX commissioning and early mission operations. Particular emphasis will be placed on instrument and data performance, in-flight calibration and characterisation of the FLORIS instrument, and the evaluation of Level-1 and Level-2 products using in-situ validation observations. Contributions addressing FLEX-specific retrieval performance and sensitivity to e.g. atmospheric and surface conditions are welcome.

The session will also include validation of the first FLEX products using ground-based, airborne and independent satellite observations, field campaigns, and other reference datasets. Studies exploiting the tandem configuration with Sentinel-3, including cross-comparisons and synergies between the two missions, are encouraged.

First scientific analyses based on FLEX observations are also welcome, including investigations of spectrally resolved SIF, vegetation functioning and environmental stress. This includes contributions addressing methodologies, datasets and modelling approaches supporting the interpretation and future exploitation of FLEX data.

The session aims to bring together the FLEX mission, calibration and validation, processor development and science communities at a key stage in the mission lifecycle. It will provide an opportunity to review early mission performance, discuss lessons emerging from commissioning, identify remaining challenges, and define priorities for the transition towards routine scientific exploitation of FLEX data.

Drylands cover more than 40% of the Earth's land surface and support over two billion people. These ecosystems provide essential ecosystem services, sustain biodiversity, support food production and pastoral livelihoods, and play an important role in global biogeochemical and climate systems. However, many drylands are increasingly affected by interacting pressures including climate change, land degradation, biodiversity loss, unsustainable land use and resource extraction, leading to declining ecosystem resilience and increasing risks of ecological transition. Therefore, developing integrated tools for assessing and monitoring dryland ecosystems represents a high research priority.
Recent advances in Earth Observation (EO), including long-term satellite archives, hyperspectral sensors, SAR, LiDAR, UAVs and Artificial Intelligence (AI), are transforming our ability to understand dryland dynamics across spatial and temporal scales. These approaches are enabling improved monitoring of vegetation change, ecosystem functioning, degradation processes, restoration outcomes, biodiversity patterns and ecosystem resilience.
Particular attention is being given to the development of EO-based indicators of land degradation, ecosystem condition, ecological integrity, resilience loss and recovery. Emerging EO approaches are also improving our ability to monitor important dryland transition processes such as woody vegetation encroachment, or alterations in vegetation spatial patterns, all modifying the structure and functioning of rangelands, savannahs and shrublands across large regions of the world, with important consequences for ecosystem resilience, biodiversity, fire regimes, ecosystem services and pastoral livelihoods.
The increasing availability of very-high-resolution imagery and hyperspectral datasets is also creating new opportunities for monitoring key but often overlooked dryland components such as biological soil crusts (BSCs), whose influence on soil stability, nutrient cycling, hydrology and ecosystem functioning makes them critical indicators of dryland health, degradation status and ecosystem resilience.

Achieving the climate goals of the Paris Agreement requires deep greenhouse gas emissions reductions towards a net-zero world and beyond. Advancements in mitigation-relevant science continuously inform the strategies and measures that society could pursue to achieve this goal. This session aims to further our understanding of the science surrounding the pursuit of the Paris Agreement’s temperature goal, including carbon budgets, zero emissions commitment, carbon dioxide removal strategies, and their policy implications. We will explore global to regional climate dynamics under net-zero, and peak and decline CO2 pathways, and mechanisms of committed or irreversible changes, including the risk of non-linear Earth system change.

We welcome both theoretical, empirical and modelling studies exploring all aspects of climate change in response to ambitious mitigation scenarios, including overshoot pathways through scenarios that pursue net negative emissions and a reversal of global warming. In addition to studies exploring the remaining carbon budget and the transient climate response to cumulative emissions of CO2 (TCRE), we welcome contributions on the zero emissions commitment (ZEC), effects of different forcings and feedbacks (e.g. permafrost carbon feedback), non-CO2 contributions to stringent climate change mitigation (e.g. non-CO2 greenhouse gases, and aerosols), and climate and carbon-cycle effects of carbon removal strategies, including their implications for policy. We also invite analysis focusing on consequences in a wide range of Earth System components and sectors, from ocean dynamics to the cryosphere, biodiversity and biosphere changes to human systems and economic consequences of overshoot, as well as the implications of overshoots for climate change adaptation planning.

We invite contributions that use a variety of tools, including fully coupled Earth System Models (ESMs), sectoral impact models, Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs), or Simple Climate Models (SCMs) and climate emulators. Interdisciplinary contributions from the fields of climate policy and economics focused on applications of carbon budgets, net-zero pathways, and their wider implications are also encouraged.

The radioactive materials are known as polluting materials that are hazardous for human society, but are also ideal markers in understanding dynamics and physical/chemical/biological reactions chains in the environment. Therefore, man-made radioactive contamination involves regional and global transport and local reactions of radioactive materials through atmosphere, soil and water system, ocean, and organic ecosystem, and its relations with human and non-human biota. The topic also involves hazard prediction, risk assessment, nowcast, and countermeasures, which is now urgent important for the nuclear power plants in Ukraine, the Middle East, etc.

By combining long monitoring data (> halftime of Cesium 137 after the Chornobyl Accident in 1986, 16 years after the Fukushima Accident in 2011, and other events), we can improve our knowledgebase on the environmental behavior of radioactive materials and its environmental/biological impact. This should lead to improved monitoring systems in the future including emergency response systems, acute sampling/measurement methodology, and remediation schemes for any future nuclear accidents. Furthermore, the discharge of ALPS-treated water into the ocean, carried out as part of the decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, has attracted international attention and demonstrated that decommissioning a nuclear power plant that has suffered an accident requires a fundamentally different approach from that of a conventional decommissioning. Studies on past nuclear contamination events and other environmental radioactivity datasets are also welcome.

The following specific topics have traditionally been discussed:
(a) Atmospheric Science (emissions, transport, deposition, pollution);
(b) Hydrology (transport in surface and ground water system, soil-water interactions);
(c) Oceanology (transport, bio-system interaction);
(d) Soil System (transport, chemical interaction, transfer to organic system);
(e) Forestry;
(f) Natural Hazards (warning systems, health risk assessments, geophysical variability);
(g) Measurement Techniques (instrumentation, multipoint data measurements);
(h) Ecosystems (migration/decay of radionuclides).

In recent years, technologies based on Artificial Intelligence (AI), such as image processing, smart sensors, and intelligent inversion, have garnered significant attention from researchers in the geosciences community. These technologies offer the promise of transitioning geosciences from qualitative to quantitative analysis, unlocking new insights and capabilities previously thought unattainable.
One of the key reasons for the growing popularity of AI in geosciences is its unparalleled ability to efficiently analyze vast datasets within remarkably short timeframes. This capability empowers scientists and researchers to tackle some of the most intricate and challenging issues in fields like Geophysics, Seismology, Hydrology, Planetary Science, Remote Sensing, and Disaster Risk Reduction.
As we stand on the cusp of a new era in geosciences, the integration of artificial intelligence promises to deliver more accurate estimations, efficient predictions, and innovative solutions. By leveraging algorithms and machine learning, AI empowers geoscientists to uncover intricate patterns and relationships within complex data sources, ultimately advancing our understanding of the Earth's dynamic systems. In essence, artificial intelligence has become an indispensable tool in the pursuit of quantitative precision and deeper insights in the fascinating world of geosciences.
For this reason, aim of this session is to explore new advances and approaches of AI in Geosciences.

The Quaternary Period (the last 2.6 million years) is characterized by frequent and abrupt climate swings and rapid environmental change. Studying these changes requires accurate, precise dating methods that can be applied effectively to environmental archives. Different methods or a combination of various dating techniques can be used depending on the archive, time range, and research question. Varve counting and dendrochronology allow for the construction of high-resolution chronologies. In contrast, radiometric methods (radiocarbon, cosmogenic in-situ, U-Th, and even Pb-210 for the Anthropocene), luminescence dating, and electron spin resonance dating provide independent anchors for chronologies that span longer timescales. We particularly welcome contributions that aim to (1) reduce, quantify, and express dating uncertainties in any dating method, including high-resolution radiocarbon approaches; (2) use established geochronological methods to answer new questions; (3) use new methods including recognizing and critically examine their limitations to address longstanding issues, or; (4) combine different chronometric techniques for improved results, including the analysis of chronological datasets with novel methods, e.g., Bayesian age-depth modeling; (5) we also welcome contributions integrating multiple chronological and provenance tools including U-Pb geochronology and apatite fission track thermochronology to constrain sediment provenance and source to sink dynamics. Applications may aim to understand long-term landscape evolution, quantify rates of geomorphological processes, or provide chronologies for records of climate change and anthropogenic effects on Earth's system.

Time series are a common type of data generated by observational and modelling efforts across Earth, environmental and space sciences. Long-term observations are particularly important for understanding gradual changes and assessing risks, yet are often difficult to sustain and fund. Their characteristics can vary substantially, from short to long records, linear to nonlinear dynamics, univariate to multivariate data, and single- to multi-scale variability. These differences call for both tailored methodologies and general approaches.

A key challenge is distinguishing random fluctuations from long-term changes in order to better understand processes within and across Earth system components. This requires knowledge of temporal variability and, often, sufficiently long observations. For example, reliable sea-level trends may require several decades of continuous measurements because of decadal variability. Likewise, the stochastic variability of geophysical time series can exhibit power-law scaling, requiring long records for robust statistical assessment.

Time series analysis encompasses a broad range of tasks, including:
- characterizing nonlinear variability in the time and/or frequency domain;
- quantifying complexity, predictability and scaling properties;
- identifying statistical interdependencies within and between time series;
- distinguishing co-variability from causal relationships;
- reducing dimensionality and identifying meaningful modes of variability; and
- developing stochastic and deterministic statistical or dynamical models.

This session invites contributions on the development and application of modern methods for analysing observational and model time series across the EGU community, including geophysical, geodynamic, oceanographic, geodetic and climate observations from terrestrial observatories and remote sensing. Contributions addressing advances in sensors, instrumentation, monitoring, analysis and interpretation, as well as comparisons of different approaches, are welcome. Studies using novel methods, including AI, for the analysis of long time series are particularly encouraged. We aim to foster interdisciplinary exchange and cross-fertilization between different EGU divisions.

This session will focus on Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) strategies that aim increase alkalinity along the land-to-ocean aquatic continuum. This includes addition to alkalinity to rivers (river alkalinity enhancement (RAE) or inland water alkalinity enhancement (IWAE) that sit at the intersection of two more established CDR pathways, terrestrial enhanced weathering (ERW) and ocean alkalinity enhancement. RAE/IWAE projects aim to achieve net removal of atmospheric CO₂ through accelerated mineral weathering and increased riverine alkalinity export to long-term ocean storage. but raises a distinct set of scientific and practical questions tied to the hydrology, biogeochemistry, and ecology of flowing and standing inland waters and estuaries.
This session invites contributions spanning the full pipeline from fundamental science to deployment, including:
• Safety and ecological risk thresholds for water quality and freshwater biota (fish, benthic invertebrates, periphyton) under alkalinity dosing,
• Scaling potential and site-selection criteria across river systems, lakes, and reservoirs,
• Cost and feedstock considerations for geochemical CDR at inland-water scale,
• Measurement, reporting, and verification (MRV) protocols, including direct field quantification and handling of CO₂ evasion at hydraulically complex sites (steps, falls, riffles),
• Ecological co-benefits, including interactions with freshwater acidification remediation,
• Case studies from active or pilot RAE/IWAE projects,
• Laboratory and mesocosm experiments isolating dissolution kinetics, evasion dynamics, and ecological response,
• Modelling of CDR potential, biogeochemical fate, and downstream/ocean carbon transport, and
• aqueous monitoring of terrestrially derived weathering products from ERW.
We welcome theoretical, observational, experimental, and modelling contributions, and particularly encourage early-career researchers and those working across disciplinary boundaries (hydrology, biogeochemistry, ecotoxicology, engineering).