Scientific intertwining between meteorology, Space Weather and Space Climate can be studied in the coupling between the lower and middle atmosphere (troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere) and the thermosphere and ionosphere. This intertwining is also relevant when extending weather and climate models upwards into the thermosphere, analysing Space Weather and solar variability impacts on seasonal forecasts and surface climate, and considering the application of Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) data assimilation methods to Space Weather problems. In fact, the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) has been fostering the identification and integration of best practices from operational NWP models to operational Space Weather models. Hence, a successful implementation could be carried out by adapting the NWP framework, whose infrastructures and methodologies are interconnected at the worldwide level.

The aim of this session is to provide a framework for reviewing these state-of-the-art topics spanning from the underpinning science and relevant applications to coordination matters.

Authors are invited to submit abstracts dealing with one or more of the following topics:
▪ Weather and climate models including the MLT region (Mesosphere ▪ Lower Thermosphere);
▪ Direct and indirect impacts of Space Weather and solar variability on forecasts and surface climate;
▪ Data assimilation methods and observational needs for Space Weather applications;
▪ Coordination and/or organisation of Space Weather services together with weather infrastructures.

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Summary of the Session: Concluding Remarks and Discussion

I. Earth & Space Meteorology:

▪ TWO COMMUNITIES HISTORICALLY PROCEEDING IN PARALLEL;
-> GOAL: JOINT DISCUSSIONS BETWEEN THEM
▪ WMO RESOLUTION ON SWX AS RELEVANT AND TO BE MANAGED BY MET OFFICES
-> KEY STEP FORWARD
▪ THE UK MET OFFICE AND FEW OTHERS TO DATE: SUCCESSFUL EXAMPLES

II. Evolution of Relevant Sessions @ EMS:

from "Interrelationships between Earth and Space Meteorology" (2007)
to "Meteorology, climate and space weather: science, applications and coordination" (2014)


III. Where Parallels Start Converging:

a. Extension of Operational NWP to SWx

b. Investigation of physical connections
▪ Solar activity -> global atmospheric electric circuit and the water cycle
▪ Solar wind -> global atmospheric electric circuit -> polar troposphere
▪ IMF -> polar region meteorological response
▪ Solar activity -> stratosphere -> troposphere
▪ Solar activity -> lower mesosphere -> surface
▪ Solar activity & troposphere -> ionosphere
▪ Stratosphere SW -> Mesosphere & Low Thermosphere