Keynote lecture TP:

Title: "Lunar Trailblazer: A Pioneering Small Satellite for Lunar Water and Geology"

Speaker: Rachel Klima

Abstract:
Lunar Trailblazer is a NASA SIMPLEx small satellite science mission for understanding the Moon’s water and water cycle. Selected in June 2019, Lunar Trailblazer is presently in assembly, on track to launch as a secondary payload on the Intuitive Machines IM-2 lander launch with SpaceX, scheduled for late 2024. Identifying water, determining its form and abundance, and mapping the distribution of water ice and geologic units at <100m spatial scales relevant to robotic and human exploration provide critical knowledge for future lunar surface exploration. Trailblazer simultaneously measures composition, temperature, and thermophysical properties from a lunar polar orbit at high spatial and spectral resolution over select areas of the Moon. The objectives are to detect and map water on the Moon at key targets to (1) determine its form (OH, H2O or ice), abundance, and local distribution as a function of latitude, soil maturity, and lithology on the sunlit Moon; (2) assess possible time-variation in lunar water on sunlit surfaces; (3) use terrain-scattered light to determine the form, abundance, and distribution of exposed water in permanently shadowed regions; and (4) collect thermal data to understand how local albedo and surface temperature gradients affect ice and OH/H2O concentration, including the potential identification of new cold traps. Trailblazer will perform the highest-to-date spatial resolution compositional and thermophysical properties mapping at the Moon and conduct reconnaissance of potential future landing sites. Lunar Trailblazer’s international team is led by Caltech and managed by JPL. A Lockheed Martin-built and integrated ~200 kg smallsat carries two instruments: (1) JPL’s High-resolution Volatiles and Minerals Moon Mapper SWIR imaging spectrometer (<70 m/pixel, 0.6-3.6 μm, 10 nm spectral resolution) and (2) the UK-contributed, University of Oxford-built Lunar Thermal Mapper multispectral thermal imager (<50 m/pixel, 4 broadband thermal channels 6-100 μm, 11 compositional channels 7-10 μm).

Keynote lecture OPS:

Title: "New Perspectives on the Jupiter System: Results from Juno"

Speaker: Scott J. Bolton

Abstract:
Results from Juno's have revealed numerous discoveries associated with the physics and chemistry of Jupiter's origin, interior, atmosphere, and magnetosphere. Juno's extended mission transformed the Jupiter-focused mission into a full system explorer that included close and distant flybys of Io, Europa, and Ganymede, occultations and close-up views of Jupiter’s north polar cyclones and aurora. An overview of Juno results from both the prime and extended missions will be presented.

Title: "New Tools for a New Generation: The Post-Europlanet-RI Perspectives for Data Environment and Tools in Planetary Science."

Speakers:
- Mark Allen
- Bernard Schmitt
- Mark Bentley
- Baptiste Cecconi

Abstract
The Europlanet 2024 Research Infrastructure (RI) provides free access to the world’s largest collection of data services, databases, tools, planetary simulation and analysis facilities for planetary science. The project funded through the European Commission’s Horizon 2020 programme wilI come to the end in 2024. Therefore a fundamental question arises on the future of this fundamental collection of services: how can these activities be continued after Europlanet RI? The participants to the debate will discuss future prospects or hints to maintain and improve data interoperability in the framework of the Europlanet Society with the possible support of key academic participants. Several other topics will be addressed for example: the integration with space mission/instrument activities and cross-domain fertilization; the use of data environments and tools to manage space instruments, the interoperability with other data sources in planetary science (ground-based observations, laboratory, modeling, etc) and the interoperability with other communities.

Keynote lecture SB:

Title: "TNOs and Centaurs with JWST"

Speaker: Rosario Brunetto

Abstract:
Bodies orbiting the trans-Neptunian regions (TNOs) are windows into Solar System formation, history and evolution. They are remnants from the ancient time of planetary formation in the protoplanetary disk, but they have all been affected to some extent by subsequent dynamical evolution of the Solar System. Before the launch of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), the detection of molecules on TNOs has long been limited by the terrestrial atmosphere and the sensitivity of the available instrumentation. Thanks to the Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec), JWST is now providing an unprecedented view of the molecular diversity on the surfaces of TNOs and Centaurs, in particular with the detection of several ices such as H2O, CO2, 13CO2, CO, CH3OH, and hydrocarbons. With almost one hundred objects observed so far, the JWST sample spans the diversity of the TNO population in terms of size, visible colors, geometric albedo, and dynamical properties. The largest objects, likely partially or wholly differentiated, share some compositional characteristics with the smaller ones, but are the only ones that can retain surficial hypervolatiles like N2 and CH4. Centaurs are generally the smallest objects observed, and display similar overall spectra to the intermediate objects, but the effects of thermal alteration (triggered by entering the region between the orbits of Jupiter and Neptune) tend to mute the distinctive molecular bands. The objects at intermediate size reveal three very clearly-defined spectral classes, dominated by 1) water ice, 2) CO2 ice, and 3) CH3OH ice and organics. Giant planet migration has distributed these three compositional classes across the dynamical classes of TNOs with the exception of the cold-classical, which remain on their primordial, very distant and low-inclination orbits. The cold classicals are all in the third spectral class, a strong indication that the compositional classes reflect formation distance of all of the TNOs within the protoplanetary disk. Finally, most TNOs show signs of surface irradiation, probably during their long-term residence in the outer Solar System.

ODAA Lecture:

Title: "A very powerful collaboration between amateur astronomers and exoclock through the use of the Europlanet Telescope Network"

Speaker: Merce Correa

Abstract:
Since 2021, a small group of amateurs from the Sabadell Astronomical Group have requested and obtained several observation projects to be carried out with the Europlanet Telescope Network (ETN), available to the planetary observation community. Our group has focused on the observation of Exoplanets, collaborating with the ExoClock project. A successful platform initiated and led by Anastasia Kokori and Angelos Tsiaras from the University of Thessaloniki, to monitor exoplanet transits that will be observed by the Ariel space mission, which will be launched in 2029, and will observe known exoplanets to obtain their spectrum and characterize their atmosphere. ExoClock is a platform with double scope: To monitor Ariel’s goals to increase mission efficiency and open exoplanet science to diverse communities and facilitate collaborations. For this project we have used three telescopes offered in Europlanet’s ETN network. The most used telescope has been the IAC80 located at the Teide observatory in Canary Islands and equipped with the Camelot 2 CCD or, failing that, with the CARONTE camera. With this telescope we have made more than 27 observations as of January 31, 2024 and with 23 published transits. This telescope is used in service mode. The second most used is the 1.23m telescope located in Calar Alto Observatory in Andalusia. It is equipped with the DLR-MKIII CCD camera. This telescope is used remotely and for this we have previously had to carry out in-person observations, to learn its subsequent use remotely. With this telescope we have made 10 observations, of which 8 have been published. All these observations have been funded by Europlanet. In parallel, we have also used the Joan Oró telescope, located at the Montsec Observatory, in Catalonia. This telescope is used in robotic mode and its nights have been achieved through the relationship with the observatory manager who showed his interest in participating in the EcoClock project. In this case, Europlanet funding was not needed. With this telescope, 16 observations have been made, 11 published. It will be briefly explained this powerful collaboration, the main results obtained and the current status with these observatories.

Keynote lecture EXOA:

Title: "The TRAPPIST-1 planets seen in emission with the JWST: secondary eclipses, and double phase curve."

Speaker: Elsa Ducrot

Abstract:
The first JWST/MIRI observations of TRAPPIST-1b at 15 microns (five secondary eclipses) suggest that the planet could be a bare rock with a zero-albedo and no redistribution of heat [Greene+2023]. In the first part of this talk, we present five additional eclipses at 12.8 microns and the results from the joint fit of all 10 eclipses together. We show that the data can be well fitted by either an airless planet model with an unweathered (fresh) ultramafic surface, that could be indicative of relatively recent geological processes, or, more surprisingly, by a thick pure CO2 atmosphere with photochemical hazes that create a temperature inversion and results in the CO2 feature being seen in emission. In the second part of this talk, we report the observation of the double phase curve of TRAPPIST-1b&c at 15 μm with MIRI. Its analysis shows little heat redistribution and now shows with a high degree of confidence that planet b does not have any significant atmosphere. For planet c, a full atmospheric heat redistribution is firmly ruled out. The dense atmosphere scenarios left open by the 15 μm occultation measurement are now discarded, leaving possible an airless planet with a relatively high surface Bond albedo (∼ 0.5), and a planet with a thin atmosphere (pressure < 0.1 bar).

Keynote lecture OPS:

Title: "From Saturn’s strong tides to the ocean of Mimas and beyond."

Speaker: Valéry Lainey

Abstract:
The Saturnian system is a very rich and complex dynamical system, thanks to the presence of massive rings and more than a hundred moons. In this talk, we will highlight the recent discovery of the Mimas ocean in the light of Saturn’s strong tides. Possible directions for future research will also be discussed.

Keynote lecture SB:

Title: "Highlights of Hayabusa 2 sample return mission"

Speaker: Patrick Michel

Abstract:
The Hayabusa2 mission by JAXA has been extremely successful in its complex operations from launch in 2014 to the return of samples of the asteroid Ryugu to Earth in 2020. The review will present the main operations and results of this mission during its visit to Ryugu and from the sample analysis, and what they tell us about the complex and counter-intuitive behavior and properties of asteroids and the Solar System history.

Keynote lecture TP:

Title: "An estimate of the impact rate on Mars from statistics of very-high-frequency marsquakes"

Speaker: Natalia Wojcicka

Abstract:
The number density of impact craters on a planetary surface is used to determine its age, which requires a model for the production rate of craters of different sizes. Here we provide a new independent estimate of the impact rate by analysing the Very High Frequency (VF) seismic events recorded by the seismometer onboard NASA’s InSight lander. We show that the VF class as a whole is plausibly caused by meteorite impacts and derive a global impact rate. We find that 280–360 craters >8 m diameter are formed globally per year, consistent with previously published chronology model rates and above the rates derived from freshly imaged craters. Our work shows that seismology is an effective tool for determining meteoroid impact rates and complements other methods such as orbital imaging.

There is a chance that, like me, you dreamed of becoming a scientist as a kid. Making groundbreaking discoveries, exploring the world, creating new knowledge: it sounded like the most wonderful career path I could think of. And although being a scientist is indeed quite wonderful, there is also a chance that as you progressed in your career you found that the reality of your childhood dreams is not quite what you expected. You probably didn’t make a Nobel-prize worthy discovery yet and maybe that professorship still looks quite far away. And — perhaps most surprisingly — you found out that academia is not necessarily the meritocracy it claims to be. Not so long ago, the ivory tower of academia was an impenetrable fortress inhabited by the old boys network and in some places, it still is. So perhaps it is no wonder that you haven't bagged that Nobel prize yet: there are outside forces you cannot control.

But: things are changing! Compared to 30 years ago, the diversity of the planetary science community has skyrocketed! To illustrate this I will show some preliminary results of our analysis into the participants of the Ada Lovelace workshop — a biannual workshop for geodynamical modellers — to demonstrate the evolving diversity of the geodynamics community specifically. For example, at the first Ada Lovelace workshop in 1987, 10.5% of the participants were women, but in 2022 that percentage had risen to 36.7%. This is a marked improvement, but at the same time still a long way off from an equal gender balance (not to mention gender diversity or indeed other minorities). To continue this upward trajectory, I will point out different initiatives to pursue both as an individual and as a community to make sure we continue to diversify our community and provide a welcoming space for everyone.

Together we can continue to dream of both a more just, equal, diverse, and inclusive environment and of those world-view-changing discoveries we are yet to make. Forget the sky - that’s not the limit! We planetary scientists go way beyond that! Don’t even shoot for the stars: shoot higher! Together, we can do it.

Iris van Zelst

After a BSc in Earth Sciences and an MSc in Geophysics from Utrecht University, Iris obtained her PhD from ETH Zürich in 2020 on her research on modelling tsunamigenic earthquakes on different time scales. She worked as a postdoctoral research associate at the University of Leeds studying the thermal evolution of subduction zones and then moved to the German Aerospace Center in 2021 to pursue research into the geodynamics and seismology of Venus. She will continue this line of research as a Patience Cowie Research Fellow at the University of Edinburgh starting in 2025.

Besides research, Iris is an avid advocate for diversity and inclusion in the planetary and geosciences and she is an outreach enthousiast. She hosts the YouTube series Science Sisters, where she interviews guests on their different career paths and any issues they have faced. She is also the owner and creative director of The Silly Scientist: a new startup company specialising in sciency games. As such, she is in the process of publishing her first game: QUARTETnary - the card game about the geological time scale, which was a big success on Kickstarter earlier this year.