Synthesis of Panta Rhei Working Group: Three-dimensional water scarcity

In recent years, water scarcity assessment has experienced an evolutionary advancement from quantity-induced water scarcity (one-dimensional 1D model) to integrated assessment of quantity-induced and quality-induced water scarcity (two-dimensional 2D model), and towards a more comprehensive assessment that considers water quantity, water quality, and environmental flow requirements simultaneous (three-dimensional 3D model). I will demonstrate the key research progress of the Working Group of Panta Rhei of water scarcity assessment. The 3D water scarcity assessment requires advanced methods to quantify water footprint, water resources and nutrient cycles, and sustainable water use. I will also demonstrate how to apply the knowledge gained from the 3D water scarcity assessment for successful restorations of degraded rivers.