This session explores the potential of Nature-based Solutions (NbS) in effectively supporting transformative change. Coined as a term for the protection, restoration or sustainable use of ecosystems to address several societal challenges simultaneously, NbS can tackle related underlying problems or root causes for a fundamental and system-wide reorganisation across technological, economic and social factors. This especially applies when their implementation challenges existing mindsets, value systems, human-non-human-nature relationships and institutional barriers, and creates space(s) for new, collaborative governance approaches. Many current environmental and planning decisions are, however, shaped by long-standing perspectives, habits, power structures, and institutional rules that often reinforce an unsustainable status quo. These path dependencies and lock-ins can hinder innovation, limit inclusion, affect viability, and delay needed systemic changes, esp. for a more nature-positive economy. According to our recently collected insights, this refers to a combination of entrenched structural and cultural barriers, incl. rigid regulations and slow policy processes, conflicting mandates and poor coordination across governance levels, chronic underinvestment in maintenance, low awareness, and competing framings of NbS success that privilege short-term economic returns over ecological goals. These are further compounded by tensions between the urban-rural divide, locally adapted interventions that strengthen community engagement and large-scale approaches that promise a wide reach and impact, and by the lack of consistent mechanisms, whether regulatory or incentive-based, that can sustain NbS over time and maintain fairness in who benefits and who bears the costs.