The Convention on Biological Diversity’s Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF), a global agreement to protect and restore the planet’s biodiversity and ecosystem services, outlines four long-term goals to be achieved by 2050. Goal A is centered on protection and restoration of natural ecosystems, whereas Goal B emphasizes the sustainable use of nature and ecosystem services management. Despite known relationships between biodiversity, ecosystem function, and ecosystem services, it is difficult to account for these connections at large spatial and temporal scales. It is therefore challenging to develop indicators to monitor changes in ecosystem functions and services from data sources currently available, although there have been recent advances. This session will forge stronger links between Goals A and B of the GBF, which require appropriate indicators for harmonized modeling and policy responses. These links should explicitly address dependencies between retention of biological diversity (Goal A) and ecosystem services (Goal B). In addition to monitoring, projections of human and ecological futures that account for relationships between biodiversity, ecosystem functions and services could help inform decisions aimed at achieving the 2050 GBF goals. Presentations in this section could address recent advances towards modeling of these linkages either spatially or temporally. For example: What approaches can be used to develop linked indicators between goals A and B, based on historical relationships, or documenting current trends and future projections towards achieving the 2050 vision of “living in harmony with nature”? How can we monitor ecosystem service changes in a consistent way across the globe, especially when many service benefits are localized?