This workshop explores the transition from basic biodiversity measurements to meaningful indicators and impact measures, with a particular focus on the role of species richness across ecological, food systems, and nutritional contexts. We begin by examining how species richness contributes to ecological function and multifunctionality, highlighting its alignment with dietary species richness, a concept increasingly recognized for its role in supporting human health and nutrition. Experts will present current evidence showing how species richness in production systems is associated with diversity in food supply, food environments, and dietary patterns. These findings provide insights into how biodiversity can be assessed across multiple levels. The workshop will also explore the divergence between production and supply diversity, and the role of trade and consumer demand in shaping food system biodiversity. Structured as a dynamic and interactive session, the workshop will feature short expert presentations, facilitated discussions, and breakout groups to build consensus on robust biodiversity indicators that inform impact assessments and policy decisions across ecology, agriculture, food systems, and nutrition.