Actions for biodiversity conservation, restoration and sustainable use require assessments and effective monitoring at all levels which includes genetic diversity. Accurate, useful, and affordable indicators and metrics are needed for such monitoring, in order to identify threats at early stages as well as evaluation outcomes of restoration efforts and modified management strategies, and adjustments of such where needed. Several genetic indicators that are a part of Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Global Biodiversity Framework, developed and advanced in an ongoing manner with several CBD Parties, are helping meet this need. For example, the Headline indicator A.4. helps to track whether populations of species are large enough to sustain their long-term adaptive potential and resilience. In parallel, scientists are working to develop and apply DNA-based indicators that can follow other, more specific, or complex trends in genetic diversity. Furthermore, recent advances, alongside the headline focus on the size of populations, open the door to using scalable methods like Earth Observation to help monitor genetic diversity. In this session, you will learn about how to use these indicators and knowledge learned from working with countries to monitor genetic diversity at local, national, and international scales for biodiversity conservation and restoration.