Modelling paleoclimates and the transitions between different climatic states still represents a challenge for models of all complexities. At the same time, the past offers a unique possibility to test models that are used to predict future climate. Increasingly more time periods are being considered for this. Examples are the mid-Holocene, the Last Glacial Maximum and the mid-Pliocene.

We invite papers on paleoclimate model simulations, including time-slices (as in the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project or PlioMIP) and transient simulations of climate variations on timescales ranging from millennial to glacial cycles and beyond. This session has its focus on (but is not restricted to) the Cenozoic.
We also welcome papers on the use of paleoclimates to constrain model forecasts of future climate. Comparison of different models (complex GCMs, EMICs and/or conceptual models) are particularly encouraged. This session has a companion session, CL1.3, dedicated to model-data comparisons.