Wildfire is a global phenomenon responsible each summer for tremendous environmental, social and economic losses. In the last two years have been catastrophic. Many lives were lost during the fires occurred in Portugal, Greece and California. The conjunction of land abandonment, long drought periods, flammable monocultures, lack of forest management and urban development planning, resulted in an unprecedented destruction. The shape of things to come a few years ago by climate change scientists arrived, in an extremely violent way. However, the climate change is a just a piece of the puzzle and an extremely deep reflection about the way how we use our land in rural areas, or how we plan urban development. This is crucial to reduce the fatalities occurred in Portugal, California and Greece. These high-severity mega-fires have also an important impact on the environment as a result of the reduction of vegetation cover and high volatilization of nutrients. Despite the fact that several ecosystems such as the Mediterranean have a high resilience to fires, the shorter intervals between is reducing their capacity for recuperation, contributing importantly to land degradation. This session has the objective to bring together scientists that study fire effects on the ecosystems, from prevention to suppression, wildfire modelling, climate change impacts on fire and post-wildfire impacts. It is time for scientists to join their strengths to give accurate answers to prevent and mitigate the effects of wildfires.