Shock wave properties in the solar corona and their associations with multi-spacecraft solar energetic particle events measured near 1AU.

STEREO has provided over 10 yr of continuous monitoring of CMEs and CME-driven shock waves from the Sun to Earth-like distances, as well as multipoint measurements of SEPs in the keV to 100 MeV energy range. These observations have revealed a number of puzzling properties of SEPs. For instance, gradual and impulsive SEP events have been measured over extended ranges of longitudes by STEREO, sometimes extending over 360 degrees around the Sun. Multi-spacecraft remote-sensing observations have allowed us to perform shock wave modeling in 3D, and to derive and examine consistently critical shock parameters during their evolution. I will present a connection of the shocks/CMEs to SEP properties from multi-spacecraft in-situ measurements by alleviating projection effects, accounting for both the complexities of coronal shocks and how they are likely to connect magnetically with in-situ spacecraft. A comparison between the shock wave parameters derived from 3D modeling and observations, and SEP characteristics confirm predictions of diffusive shock acceleration, that efficient acceleration of SEPs should naturally occur at shock regions where the shock Mach number is high. I will also discuss how modeling shock waves and estimating their magnetic connectivity can be useful in future studies to determine the solar origin of particle events measured by Parker Solar Probe.