The greenhouse gas climate commitment and reversibility of peak warking from historical emissions

The warming caused by past CO₂ emissions is known to persist for centuries to millennia, even in the absence of additional future emissions. Other non-CO₂ greenhouse gas emission have caused additional historical warming, though the persistence of this non-CO₂ warming varies among gases owing to their different atmospheric lifetimes. Under deep mitigation scenarios or in an idealized scenario of zero future greenhouse gas emissions, the past warming from shorter-lived non-CO₂ gases has been shown to be considerably more reversible than that caused by CO₂ emissions. Here we use an intermediate-complexity global climate model coupled to an atmospheric chemistry module to quantify the warming commitment and its reversibility for individual and groups of non-CO₂ greenhouse gases. We show that warming caused by gases with short atmospheric lifetimes will decrease by more than half its peak value within 30 years following zeroed emissions at present day, with more 80 percent of peak temperature reversed by the end of this century. Despite the fast response of atmospheric temperature to the elimination of non-CO₂ emissions, the ocean responds much more slowly: past ocean warming does not reverse, but rather continues for several centuries after zero emissions. Further consequences are shown for the land carbon pool, which decreases as an approximately linear function of historical non-CO₂ greenhouse gas induced warming. Given that CO₂ and non-CO₂ greenhouse gas emissions share common emission sources, we also explore a set of scenarios where sets of emissions are zeroed according to two broad source categories: (1) fossil fuel combustion, and (2) land-use and agriculture. Using these additional mode runs, we investigate the temperature change that is avoided if all CO₂ and non-CO2 greenhouse gas emissions from a particular source abruptly stops while others are allowed to continue. These results indicate the possibility of land-use change and agriculture activities continuing under deep mitigation scenarios and ambitious climate targets, without leading to exceedance of global climate targets. Though we analyze unlikely scenarios, our work provides baselines from which more realistic mitigation scenarios can be assessed. The reversibility of peak temperature caused by historical non-CO₂ gases is a relevant measure for policy frameworks seeking to limit global warming to ambitious targets, such as the 1.5 ^oC target adopted by the Paris Agreement