Canal block location optimization for drained peatland restoration

Building canal or drain blocks is a powerful tool to raise the water table of a drained peatland and to enhance ecosystem restoration. When restoring large areas, the number of blocks becomes limited by the available resources, which raises the following question: in which exact positions should a given number of blocks be placed in order to maximize the water table raise? There is neither a simple nor an analytic answer. The water table response is a complex phenomenon that depends on several factors, such as the topology of the canal network, site topography, peat hydraulic properties, vegetation and meteorological conditions. We developed a new method to position the canal blocks which is based on the combination of a hydrological model and heuristic optimization algorithms. We applied this approach to a large drained peatland area (1100 km²) in Indonesia. Our solution consistently improved the performance of traditional block locating methods, indicating that drained peatland restoration can be made more effective at the same cost by selecting the positions of the blocks using a numerical approach.