Spatial and temporal variability of benzo[a]pyrene over Poland based on modelling and observations

Benzo[a]pyrene is relatively stable in the atmosphere and can be transported on a regional scale. Benzo[a]pyrene concentrations exceed standard limits in many regions of the world. It is proved that this compound is harmful to the environment and human health.

According to the CAFÉ Directive (2008/50/EC), the objective is to achieve a concentration of B[a]P below 1ng/m3 in PM10 aerosol. Observed B[a]P concentration in Poland is among the highest in Europe. These exceedances are attributed to the emission from individual heating, where many old installations are still in operation. Major B[a]P emissions are due to low-quality fuels and non-reported municipal waste burning.

To support the Chief Inspectorate of Environmental Protection in the frame of the annual assessment for 2018 and five-year assessment for the period 2014-2018, the spatial distribution of B[a]P was calculated using the GEM-AQ model (Kaminski et al. 2008). A new national high-resolution bottom-up emission inventory was used for the entire area of Poland. The results at the resolution of 2.5 km were compared with observations from over 100 stations from the National Measurement Network. We will discuss the spatial and seasonal variability od B[a]P concentrations as well as year-to-year changes related to meteorological conditions.