Evaluation of the WRF/WRF-Hydro coupled system for hydrological modeling

    WRF-Hydro is not only a stand-alone hydrological modeling architecture but also a coupling component for integrating hydrological models with atmospheric models. Sensitivity tests are carried out in this study for the most important parameters influencing the streamflow generation of the WRF/WRF-Hydro coupled system by targeting at the semi-humid and semi-arid catchments in Northern China. The main objective of the study is the parameters controlling the total water volume and the shape of the hydrograph are refined on the basis of sensitivity tests and their effects on the generation of the streamflow are addressed with the intent to apply the modeling system for streamflow forecasting. Two major aspects are considered in the calibration process for testing the sensitivity of the WRF-Hydro model parameters. On the one hand, it is to consider the parameters controlling the total water volume, which include the runoff infiltration parameter (REFKDT), and the surface retention depth (RETDEPRT) controlled by a scaling parameter named RETDEPRTFAC. One the other hand, it is to look at the parameters controlling the shape of the hydrograph, which include the channel Manning roughness parameter (MannN), and the overland flow roughness parameter (OVROUGHRT) controlled by the scaling parameter OVROUGHRTFAC. Through the sensitivity tests of the parameters affecting the runoff, it is found that REFKDT and MannN are the most sensitive parameter especially with unsaturated soil conditions. The findings of this study is to explore the variation laws of the key parameters in semi-humid and semi-arid areas, and to provide a reference for calibration and application of the WRF/WRF-Hydro coupled system.