Latest Miocene Mediterranean-Atlantic gateway restriction: The Atlantic's side of the story

The closure of Late Miocene Mediterranean-Atlantic gateways and the restriction of Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW) led to the Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC), the dynamics of which is not well understood. However, restriction of the Mediterranean-Atlantic exchange and the Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW) is one of the prerequisites to generate hypersaline conditions for evaporitic deposition. During the Late Miocene, MOW circulation was active through a Mediterranean-Atlantic exchange of the Betic, Riffian, and possibly Gibraltar gateways. This connection is thought to have ceased or reduced with the onset of the MSC, before re-establishing through the Gibraltar gateway since the Pliocene to the present. In this study, we define the sedimentary evolution of the Neogene Basins of the Gulf of Cádiz to investigate MOW evolution during the latest Miocene. Seismic interpretation shows an Upper Messinian sedimentary unit of transparent seismic facies. It could also be found in the lower Guadalquivir and Gharb basins, and towards the West Portuguese margin. Biostratigraphic dating indicate an onset of deposition predating the MSC. Distribution of this transparent unit implicates the dominant deposition of hemipelagic/pelagic deposits during a period of quiescence in the Atlantic margins, subsequent to MOW disconnection. This suggests that weakening or cut-off of the intermediate bottom currents of the Mediterranean-Atlantic exchange through the Betic-Gibraltar-Riffian paleo-gateways precedes the onset of MSC evaporites. This work is crucial for the understanding of sedimentary, paleoceanographic and climatic implications of the Latest Miocene Mediterranean isolation in the Atlantic margins.