Volcanic Tremor and its Relation to Volcano- and Glacier-related Processes

Volcanic eruptions can affect the climate system, the environment and society. On ice covered volcanoes this threat intensifies due to the increasing explosivity in contact with water. Monitoring and early-warning of such eruptions is closely linked to real-time, multidisciplinary data analysis. This builds on a good understanding and location of the recorded signals.

I will summarize my work on understanding and modelling volcanic tremor, a long-lasting seismic signal with emergent onset. This tremor accompanies various volcano- and glacier-related processes and has to be reliably detected and distinguished from other sources. My examples range from modelling pre-eruptive subglacial tremor and silent magma flow, to monitoring eruptive tremor, to early warning of subglacial flooding, to hydrothermal explosions and boiling and other sources such as helicopters. These results are based on array analysis, amplitude location techniques and single-station arrays but I will also risk a look into the future embracing the emerging field of rotational seismology which might solve some challenges we face in volcanic and glacial environments and advance our understanding and modelling of volcanic signals at remote sites.