US4
Towards evolvable physics-based plants and landscape processes in terrestrial biosphere models

US4

EDI
Towards evolvable physics-based plants and landscape processes in terrestrial biosphere models
Convener: Adam EricksonECSECS | Co-conveners: Rico Fischer, Sujay Kumar, Annikki Mäkelä, Nikolay Strigul
Presentations
| Mon, 19 Apr, 15:00–17:00 (CEST)

Session assets

Session summary

Presentations: Mon, 19 Apr

Chairperson: Adam Erickson
15:00–15:05
Introduction
15:05–15:30
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EGU21-16530
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Highlight
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State-of-the-art in 4D measurements 
Eetu Puttonen, Juha Hyyppä, Paula Litkey, Mariana Batista Campos, Heikki Hyyti, Yunsheng Wang, Antero Kukko, Harri Kaartinen, Leena Matikainen, Mikko Vastaranta, Samuli Junttila, Matti Vaaja, and Petteri Alho

Light detection and ranging (lidar) has become an essential tool in mapping and change detection in different environments over the last 20 years. Laser scanners capture point clouds to create accurate digital snapshots of their surroundings. These snapshots tell about the structural information in the scene and can be readily returned to again and again to detect and measure any changes with multi-temporal measurements. However, multitemporal measurements cannot typically resolve the change events nor can they resolve more high frequency dynamics that happen on daily or weekly basis in the scene. Also, lidar systems operate still mainly with single wavelength limiting their usability in classification tasks. First multi- and hyperspectral systems have been already demonstrated, but have yet to break through in wider usage. Finnish Geospatial Research Institute (FGI) has been prototyping with different 3D measurement systems for the last 10 years to improve multitemporal mapping (4D) solutions. The prototypes include both hyperspectral and long-term multi- and hypertemporal lidar systems, and their combinations in static and mobile configurations. FGI started early on to experiment with hyperspectral laser sources (2007) and successfully demonstrated the first hyperspectral laser scanner prototype in 2012. The system was later used in detecting intraday vegetation dynamics in 2015. Multitemporal multispectral ALS measurements have been conducted since 2015 in Evo and in Espoolahti. The first long-term multitemporal studies with FGI mapping platforms were started with ALS to monitor changes in forests (1998) and built environment (2001) and with mobile laser scanning in studying the erosion of an arctic river basin (2008) annually.  Multitemporal ALS studies with vegetation started in 1998 in Kalkkinen and in 2007 in Evo followed with bi-temporal studies with TLS. Test Site Evo has been acquired with ALS. In 2020, Evo test site was granted Academy of Finland Research Infrastructure (RI) status. The RI will collect a 30-year-long time series with annual measurements using various laser scanning sensors for investigating single tree growth processes, forest dynamics, understanding cyclic forest while having variation at diurnal and annual scales and forest monitoring technologies. Vegetation dynamics monitoring was extended in 2020, when FGI started set up a permanent TLS measurement station in a boreal forest. The TLS station accurately detects structural changes of hundreds of tree crowns around it. The experiment aims to detect the changes of phenological state the trees and further link them with the environmental parameter variation. 4D measurements have successfully demonstrated their potential in extending the information available from laser scanning systems. To improve the usage of these novel information, automated pre-filtering of the vast data amounts already at sensor level will be imperative. Different lidar platforms can operate throughout the spatial scale from millimeter precision all way to national coverage. Thus, development of new scalable lidar RIs open new possibilities to complement already existing infrastructures.

How to cite: Puttonen, E., Hyyppä, J., Litkey, P., Batista Campos, M., Hyyti, H., Wang, Y., Kukko, A., Kaartinen, H., Matikainen, L., Vastaranta, M., Junttila, S., Vaaja, M., and Alho, P.: State-of-the-art in 4D measurements, EGU General Assembly 2021, online, 19–30 Apr 2021, EGU21-16530, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-16530, 2021.

Vimeo: EGU21-16530-material-r5
15:30–15:55
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EGU21-16528
New deep-learning based approaches for forest modeling beyond landscape scale 
Werner Rammer and Rupert Seidl

In times of rapid global change, the ability to faithfully predict the development of vegetation on larger scales is of key relevance to society. However, ecosystem models that incorporate enough process understanding for being applicable under future and non-analog conditions are often restricted to finer spatial scales due to data and computational constraints. Recent breakthroughs in machine learning, particularly in the field of deep learning, allow bridging this scale mismatch by providing new means for analyzing data, e.g., in remote sensing, but also new modelling approaches. We here present a novel approach for Scaling Vegetation Dynamics (SVD) which uses a deep neural network for predicting large-scale vegetation development. In a first step, the network learns its representation of vegetation dynamics as a function of current vegetation state and environmental drivers from process-based models and empirical data. The trained model is then used within of a dynamic simulation on large spatial scales. In this contribution we introduce the conceptual approach of SVD and show results for example applications in Europe and the US. More broadly we discuss aspects of applying deep learning in the context of ecological modeling.

How to cite: Rammer, W. and Seidl, R.: New deep-learning based approaches for forest modeling beyond landscape scale, EGU General Assembly 2021, online, 19–30 Apr 2021, EGU21-16528, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-16528, 2021.

15:55–16:20
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EGU21-16531
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ECS
Better representing vegetation canopy structure in Earth System Models 
Renato Braghiere

Addressing the impact of 3D vegetation structure on shortwave radiation transfer in Earth System Models (ESMs) is important for accurate weather forecasting, carbon budget estimates, and climate predictions. While leaf-level photosynthesis is well characterized and understood, estimates of global level carbon assimilation in the literature range from 110 to 175 PgC.yr-1. I will explore how neglecting canopy structure leads to significant uncertainties in shortwave radiation partitioning, as well as second order derived canopy properties, such as leaf area index (LAI). I will also cover how modeled carbon assimilation of the terrestrial biosphere is impacted when a satellite derived clumping index is incorporated into the UKESM. Finally, I will touch on how the clumping index might be integrated into hyperspectral ESMs to explore the theoretical relationship between canopy structure and photosynthesis.

How to cite: Braghiere, R.: Better representing vegetation canopy structure in Earth System Models, EGU General Assembly 2021, online, 19–30 Apr 2021, EGU21-16531, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-16531, 2021.

16:20–16:45
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EGU21-16569
General Ecosystem Models, moving towards modelling responses and effects of whole ecosystems 
Mike Harfoot, Derek Tittensor, Selwyn Hoeks, Jens Krause, Almut Arneth, Chris Doughty, and Andrew Abraham

Ecosystems are facing unprecedented pressures as a result of human activities. At the same time, ecology as a discipline is increasingly demanding more mechanistic understanding of what causes observed ecological patterns, in part for the development of the science but also to help mitigate impacts. Here, I will present the Madingley Model (www.madingleymodel.org), a General Ecosystem Model that aims to provide a mechanistic understanding of how ecosystems, on land and in the seas, are structured and how they function, and for how anthropogenic changes might alter that structure and function. I will discuss the model’s current capabilities, how it is being used, and highlight some necessary and exciting future directions for development.

How to cite: Harfoot, M., Tittensor, D., Hoeks, S., Krause, J., Arneth, A., Doughty, C., and Abraham, A.: General Ecosystem Models, moving towards modelling responses and effects of whole ecosystems, EGU General Assembly 2021, online, 19–30 Apr 2021, EGU21-16569, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-16569, 2021.

16:45–17:00
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EGU21-16600
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Highlight
Interactive Simulation of 3-D Ecoclimates 
Miłosz Makowski, Torsten Hädrich, Dominik Michels, Sören Pirk, Wojtek Palubicki, and Weronika Skowronska

Over the last years, the role of forests in climate change has received increased attention. This is due to the observation that not only the atmosphere has a principal impact on vegetation growth but also that vegetation is contributing to local variations of weather resulting in diverse microclimates. The interconnection of plant ecosystems and weather is described and studied as ecoclimates. In this work we simulate ecoclimates by modeling (1) the local climate-response of individual plants in large-scale ecosystems, (2) the vegetation impact on the atmosphere, and (3) the soil hydrology. We employ interactive state-of-the-art methods for simulating ecosystem growth and weather dynamics to enable a realistic animation of vegetation growth, plant competition and cooperation mediated by light and soil water, as well as cloud transitions. Our plant ecosystem model simulates the growth of individual trees with branch-level geometry. We couple an ecosystem with a weather model to locally sample weather variations over time, which enables us to simulate the long-term climate-response of individual tree models. Simultaneously, the composition of an ecosystem affects the development of weather: individual trees vary in how they release vapor or transfer heat to the air. Our framework allows us to interactively explore the growth- and climate-response of individual trees and of an ecosystem as a whole.

How to cite: Makowski, M., Hädrich, T., Michels, D., Pirk, S., Palubicki, W., and Skowronska, W.: Interactive Simulation of 3-D Ecoclimates, EGU General Assembly 2021, online, 19–30 Apr 2021, EGU21-16600, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-16600, 2021.