ESSI4.2

Resilience to natural hazards depends on a person's ability to envision an event and its consequences. While real life experience is precious, a real event experience is rare, and sometimes fatal. So, virtual reality provides a way to getting that experience more frequently and without the inconvenience of demise. Virtual reality can also enhance an event to make it more visible, as often things happen in bad weather, at night or in other inconvenient moments.

The 3DTeLC software (an output from an ERASMUS+ project, http://3dtelc.lmv.uca.fr/) can handle high-resolution 3D topographic models and the user can study natural hazard phenomena with geological tools in virtual reality. Topography acquired from drone or plane acquisitions, can be made more accessible to researchers, public and stakeholders. In the virtual environment a person can interact with the scene from the first person, drone or plane point of view and can do geological interpretation at different visualization scales. Immersive and interactive visualization is an efficient communication tool (e.g. Tibaldi et al 2019 – Bulletin of Volcanology DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00445-020-01376-6).

We have taken the 3DTeLC workflow and integrated a 2.5D flow simulation programme (VOLCFLOW-C). The dynamic outputs from VOLCFLOW-C are superimposed into a single visualization using a new tool developed from scratch, which we call VRVOLC. This coupled visualization adds dynamic and realistic understanding of events like lahars, lava flows, landslides and pyroclastic flows. We present two examples of this, one developed on the Digital Terrain Model of Chachani Volcano, Arequipa Peru, to assist with flood and lahar visualisation (in conjunction with INGEMMET, UNESCO IGCP project 692 Geoheritage for Resilience and Cap 20-25 Clermont Risk). And another with an Icelandic debris slide that occurred in late 2014 possibly related to permafrost degradation (in conjunction with the ANR PERMOLARDS project).

We thank out 3DTeCL colleagues, without which this would not be possible, and acknowledge financial support for the PERMOLARDS project from French National Research Agency (ANR-19-CE01-0010), and this is part of UNESCO IGCP 692 Geoheritage for Resilience.

How to cite: Delage, E., Van Wyk de Vries, B., Philippe, M., Conway, S., Morino, C., Manrique Llerena, N., Aguilar Contreras, R., Soncco, Y., Sæmundsson, Þ., and Kristinn Helgason, J.: Visualising and experiencing geological flows in Virtual Reality, EGU General Assembly 2021, online, 19–30 Apr 2021, EGU21-8801, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-8801, 2021.

The power line harmonic generated by human activities can be found from the vast amount of the data observed by EFD on board the ZH-1 satellite. To study the human activities and remove the nonnegligible amount of interferences in the study of ionospheric precursors of earthquakes, we are desperate for finding the power line harmonic from the vast amount of data Hence, a novel automatic power line recognition method is proposed. Firstly, we utilize fourier transform on EFD data to obtain the power spectral density(PSD). Secondly, it is well known that harmonic radiation from power lines presents one or more horizontal linear characteristics on the PSD image and the color of the line is close to the color of the background in the image.In order to highlight the color contrast between the line and the background, we transform the PSD image from the RGB to the HSV color space and utilize the Saturation compoment of the HSV space as the object image.To obtain the edge regions, we process the object image with canny techniques. Finally, we use the Hough transform to detect the power line from the edge regions. To evaluate the proposed method, the experiment is performed for the dataset composed of 100 PSD images and each PSD image includes several interference lines. And the experimental result verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method with an accuracy of 86%.

How to cite: Han, Y., Yuan, J., Wang, Q., Yang, D., and Sun, X.: Automatic Recognition of Power Line Harmonic Radiation Observed by the EFD On board the ZH-1 Satellite, EGU General Assembly 2021, online, 19–30 Apr 2021, EGU21-10505, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-10505, 2021.

• Does visualisation hinder scientific progress?
• Is visualisation widely misused to tweak data?
• Is visualisation intentionally used for social exclusion?
• Is visualisation taken seriously by academic leaders?

Using scientifically-derived colour palettes is a big step towards making it obsolete to even ask such brutal questions. Their perceptual uniformity leaves no room to highlight artificial boundaries, or hide real ones. Their perceptual order visually transfers data effortlessly and without delay. Their colour-vision deficient friendly nature leaves no reader left wondering. Their black-and-white readability leaves no printer accused of being not good enough. It is, indeed, the true nature of the data that is displayed to all viewers, in every way.

The “Scientific colour map” initiative (Crameri et al., 2020) provides free, citable colour palettes of all kinds for download for an extensive suite of software programs, a discussion around data types and colouring options, and a handy how-to guide for a professional use of colour combinations. Version 7 of the Scientific colour maps (Crameri, 2020) makes crucial new additions towards fairer and more effective science communication available to the science community.

Crameri, F., G.E. Shephard, and P.J. Heron (2020), The misuse of colour in science communication, Nature Communications, 11, 5444.

Crameri, F. (2020). Scientific colour maps. Zenodo. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1243862

How to cite: Crameri, F., Shephard, G., and Heron, P.: The “Scientific colour map” Initiative: Version 7 and its new additions, EGU General Assembly 2021, online, 19–30 Apr 2021, EGU21-11208, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-11208, 2021.

Virtual Reality is expanding rapidly in many academic and industry areas as an important tool to represent 3D objects, while graphics hardware is becoming increasingly accessible. Conforming to these trends, we present an immersive VR environment created to help earth scientists and other users to visualize and study ocean simulation data and processes. Besides scientific exploration, we hope our environment will become a helpful tool in education and outreach. We combined a 1-year 3km MITgcm simulation with daily temporal resolution and a bathymetry digital elevation model in order to visualize the evolution of  Northeast Atlantic eddies enclosed by warm and salty Mediterranean Water. Our approach leverages the advanced rendering algorithms of a game engine in order to enable users to move around freely, interactively play the simulation and observe the changes and evolution of eddies in real time.

How to cite: Brisc, F. and Serra, N.: Immersive Visualization of Ocean Data in a Game Engine, EGU General Assembly 2021, online, 19–30 Apr 2021, EGU21-12491, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-12491, 2021.

Fully understanding a complex 3D geological model (such as triangulated irregular networks or boundary representations) requires a largely hands-on approach. The user needs direct access to the model and a way to manipulate it in 3D space, e.g. through rotation, to find the appropriate and most useful perspectives. Indirect means of presentation, e.g. via animation, can only give the user a vague idea of the model and all its details, especially with the growing amount of data incorporated. Additionally, discussing such a model with colleagues is often restricted by the space in front of the monitor of the system running the modeling software. And while the accessibility of such models has been improved, e.g. through access via ordinary web browsers, new technologies such as VR and AR could open up novel and improved ways for users to experience and share them.

Although VR has found its way into the mainstream, especially for entertainment, it continues to be a relatively inaccessible technology. The high upfront cost, the need to isolate oneself from the surrounding environment, and involved technical requirements detract from the end goal of improving the accessibility of 3D geological models. On the other hand, more and more common handheld devices such as smartphones and tablets support AR and thus lower the barrier of entry for a large number of people. To analyze the potential of AR for the presentation and discussion of 3D geological models, a mobile app has been developed.

Started as a prototype during a geoscience hackathon, the app has now been rewritten from scratch and was uploaded to the iOS App Store. During the conceptualization phase of the features, the immense potential already became apparent. The app itself allows users to download a number of 3D geological models to their device and explore them in AR. They then have the possibility to share this model with up to seven other peers in the same room. This means that every user will see the model in the same space and in the same state. As soon as one user changes e.g. the size or rotation of the model, the new state will be synchronized with every connected peer. Discussion is aided by a "pointing" and "highlighting" feature to assure that everyone is talking about the same model part. The models are either stored on the device or can be downloaded via internet. For now, the models are supplied by GiGa infosystem's GST Web, but additional sources are being explored.

The delivery of the app with this basic featureset invites first user feedback and allows for a better exploration of possible applications. For example, viable use cases of this app can be found in academia as an easier way to communicate 3D models to students, during conferences as a presentation platform to give peers a guided tour of a model, or in modeling where advanced features such as digital boreholes or cross-sections can help verify intermediate results.

How to cite: Wieczoreck, B.: Collaborative Visualization of 3D Geological Models in Augmented Reality, EGU General Assembly 2021, online, 19–30 Apr 2021, EGU21-15802, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-15802, 2021.