The Channel Source Hypothesis: Empirical Evidence for In-Channel Sourcing of Dissolved Organic Carbon to Explain Hysteresis in a Headwater Mountain Stream

Catchment hydrologists have long puzzled over the question: How can catchments rapidly generate storm flows in response to storm events? That question is complex because changes in stream water chemistry during storms suggest that proportions of old (or pre-event) water and new (or event) water also change during the storm. Conceptual models viewing catchments as composed of discrete source areas generating flow at unique time scales and with unique chemical characteristics have been used to explain the observed changes in flow and water chemistry. Surprisingly, those conceptual models usually do not treat the stream channel as one of the potential source areas. Here, we propose the channel source hypothesis in which the stream itself should be considered as a potential source with the same rigor as other contributing areas. We pose this in the spirit of the scientific use of the word: a hypothesis[1] is not a proven idea but rather a provisional supposition serving as the basis for further study. We suggest that the channel should be considered as a potential source for dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Channels store substantial amounts of organic matter, and stream ecologists have long studied stream carbon cycling. From those studies we know that leaching and decomposition can generate DOC from particulate organic carbon (POC). Further, POC is stored in channel “dead-zones” - regions of low flow velocity - that can be activated as flow velocity increases, thus releasing accumulated DOC during storms. All catchments are different; there is no reason to assume that channel sources are always important, in every catchment, in every storm. Thus, the channel source hypothesis does not replace existing conceptual models. Instead, it adds another potential mechanism that may explain DOC dynamics observed in streams. The channel source hypothesis has substantial implications for catchment studies examining sources of DOC in stream water or using DOC as a tracer to determine the locations of, and proportional contributions of, different source areas for streamflow generation.

[1] Hypothesis: "a provisional supposition from which to draw conclusions that shall be in accordance with known facts and serves as a starting point for further investigation by which it may be proved or disproved and the true theory arrived at" quoted from the Oxford English Dictionary (OED), 1985.

.