A carbon data integrating system supporting Carbon neutrality

Since initiated by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and the National Earth Observation Data Center (NODA) of China, Cooperation on Reanalysis of Carbon Satellite Data (CASA) had already advanced to the second stage. China aims to hit peak emissions before 2030 and for carbon neutrality by 2060.Carbon neutrality research involves Terrestrial-Marine-Atmospheric multiple fields, which inevitably require the support of scientific big data and Scientific Data e-Infrastructure (SDI). Open space-borne carbon data interconnectivity and interoperability across the massive carbon data (GOSAT, GOSAT-2, OCO-2/3, TanSat, Sentinel-5P, FY-3D, GF-5 and the second generation carbon satellites) and related auxiliary data resources integrated into the CASA platform is a key enabler to become more data-driven, to broader data value, and to meet the major demand of global and regional monitoring of anthropogenic carbon emissions. This study explores the technological barriers for carbon satellite data interconnectivity, discusses the concepts of carbon data interoperability and integration, management and governance in more detail, highlight some useful tools, and demonstrate examples in urban air pollution and CO₂ emissions that can help researchers in their application studies upon estimation of anthropogenic carbon emissions based on “top-down” methods. We linked carbon data connection and interoperability both to carbon data collection and use within programmatic cycles and reflected interoperability both in organizational practices and data management plans that cover the full breadth of the data value chain. This will extend carbon data information service and provide better ways to utilizing carbon data across domains where innovation and integration are now necessarily needed.