Characteristics of groundwater quality and its non-carcinogenic health risk assessment through monsoon inputs in Wanaparthy watershed, Telangana, India

Human modernizations and achievements are at peak but in contrary we ignore facts about the tremendous amount of anthropogenic waste that are exposed directly to atmosphere which later reach groundwater aquifer and contaminate through natural water cycle. So, to limelight man-made sources, Wanaparthy watershed is chosen as it is densely agriculture urban area covering about 1600 km² were peoples solely get their daily wages from farming. Samples were collected systematically for pre (march-may) and post monsoon (september-december) through gird preparation (5*6 sq.km) to determine the hydrogeochemical characteristics of physicochemical parameters and major analytes concentration to preside the types, quality, permissibility, facies and nitrate health risk of different age groups in groundwater. In short findings are as follows: Major analytes concentration for pre-monsoon, Cl^- (8.02%) >HCO₃^- (3.27%) >SO₄^2-(2.75%) >NO₃^-(1.09%) >F^-(0.02%); Na⁺(4.08%) >Ca⁺2(1.71%) >Mg⁺² (0.45%) >K⁺ (0.26%)while post-monsoon, HCO₃^-(8.94%) >Cl^- (6.9%) >SO₄^2- (2.46%) >NO₃^- (2.42%) >F^-(0.02%); Na⁺(3.28%) >Mg⁺²(2.14%) >Ca⁺²(0.75%) >K⁺(0.28%) respectively. Piper diagram explains the major water types for pre- and post-monsoon as Na-Cl type and Ca-Mg-Cl type. Gibb’s plot shows that in both seasons the dominant environmental facies are influence by rock and evaporation conditions. Water quality index shows deterioration increase at most twice from “poor to unfit class” (36.21% - 60.34%) during pre to post season. Health Quotient evaluation for nitrate indicates “children group” as most effected where HQ value range from 5.40E-03 to 1.23E+01 (72.4 pc) followed by infant group, 5.80E-03 to 1.31E+01 (68.97 pc) and adult 2.10E-03 to 4.68E+00 (32.7pc). And, from spatial distribution maps it is observed that slope and structure have direct response to recharge/discharge as well as aquifer properties.