Matched Field processing for complex Earth structure

Matched Field Processing (MFP) is a technique to locate the source of a recorded wave field. It is the generalisation of beamforming, allowing for curved wavefronts. In the standard approach to MFP, simple analytical Green's functions are used as synthetic wave fields that the recorded wave fields are matched against. We introduce an advancement of MFP by utilising Green's functions computed numerically for real Earth structure as synthetic wave fields. This allows in principle to incorporate the full complexity of elastic wave propagation, and through that provide more precise estimates of the recorded wave field's origin. This approach also further emphasises the deep connection between MFP and the recently introduced interferometry-based source localisation strategy for the ambient seismic field. We explore this connection further by demonstrating that both approaches are based on the same idea: both are measuring the (mis-)match of correlation wave fields. To demonstrate the applicability and potential of our approach, we present two real data examples, one for an earthquake in Southern California, and one for secondary microseism activity in the Northeastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea. We provide an accompanying simple code example to illustrate the method on github.