ESSI2.3

The Data Distribution Centre (DDC) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) celebrates its 25th anniversary in 2022. DKRZ is the last remaining founding member among the DDC Partners. The contribution looks back on the past 25 years of the DDC at DKRZ from its establishment to the present. It shows which the milestones have been introduced in the areas of data management and data standardization, e.g. 

• the NetCDF/CF data standard,
• the DataCite data DOI assignment enabling data citation,  
• the data preservation and stewardship standards of the World Data System (WDS), 
• the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF) as data infrastructure standard, or 
• the IPCC FAIR Guidelines for the current 6th Assessment Report (AR6). 

In addition to the continuous effort to adopt new standards and curate the data holdings, current challenges - technical and organizational - and possible future directions are discussed. The most difficult of the challenges remains the long-term strategy for sustainable DDC services as a part of an increasingly interoperable data service environment, which is technically described in the FAIR digital object framework and which is contentwise guided by the UN Sustainable Development Goal 13 on climate action. 

(http://ipcc-data.org; http://ipcc.wdc-climate.de)

How to cite: Stockhause, M. and Lautenschlager, M.: 25 years of the IPCC Data Distribution Centre at the German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ), EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23–27 May 2022, EGU22-2145, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-2145, 2022.

In October 2021, DataCite and the IGSN e.V. signed an agreement to form a partnership to support the global adoption, implementation, and use of physical sample identifiers. Both DataCite and IGSN currently offer the ability to provide Globally Unique Persistent, Resolvable Identifiers (GUPRIs) within the overall research ecosystem, and the proposed collaboration will bring together the strengths of each organization.

DataCite is a community-led organisation that has been providing the means to create, find, cite, connect, and use research across 47 countries globally since 2009. DataCite provides persistent identifiers (DOIs) for research data and other research outputs, and supports the efforts of several identifier communities. DataCite also develops services that make it easier for researchers to connect and share their DOIs with the broader research ecosystem. 
IGSN e.V. is an international, non-profit organization with more than 20 members and has a narrower focus than DataCite. The core purpose of IGSN is to enable transparent and traceable connections between samples, instruments, grants, data, publications, people and organizations. Since 2011, IGSN has provided a central registration system that enables researchers to apply a globally unique and persistent identifier for physical samples.

The proposed partnership will enable IGSN to leverage DataCite DOI registration while allowing IGSN to focus on community efforts such as promoting and expanding the global samples ecosystem and supporting new research and best practice in methods of identifying, citing, and locating physical samples. DataCite will provide the IGSN ID registration services and support to ensure the ongoing sustainability of the IGSN PID infrastructure and its integration with the global PID ecosystem.

This partnership is an opportunity for IGSN to reenvision its governance and community engagement and to reassess how the IGSN can best serve the community in today’s open science ecosystem. This talk will focus on the developing changes to the IGSN governance and community efforts.
Different research communities have a wide range of requirements towards metadata and identification of samples. The IGSN plans to develop an international ‘Community of Communities’ which will include members from the global samples community across multiple disciplines. The community will support varying levels of skills with PIDs and metadata. It will enable cohesion around the use of IGSN thus enabling greater research discovery, innovation and advancement for samples.

The IGSN Samples Community (IGSN SC) aspires to be a collaborative space for community development that promotes the use of samples and their connections to any derived observations, images, and analytical data.

How to cite: Ramdeen, S., Lehnert, K., Klump, J., Buys, M., Wimalaratne, S., and Wyborn, L.: Progressing the global samples community through the new partnership between IGSN and DataCite, EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23–27 May 2022, EGU22-10897, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-10897, 2022.

Accurate positioning for activities such as navigation, mapping, and surveying rely on permanent stations located all over the world and continuously tracking Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS, such as Galileo, GPS, GLONASS). 
The Royal Observatory of Belgium maintains repositories containing decades of observation data from hundreds of GNSS stations belonging to Belgian and European networks (e.g., the EUREF public repository). 
However, current procedures for accessing GNSS data do not adequately serve user needs. For example, in the case of the EUREF repository, despite the fact that its GNSS data originate from a significant number of data providers and could be handled in different ways, provenance information is lacking and data licenses are not always available.
In order to respond to user demands, GNSS data and the associated metadata need to be standardised, discoverable and interoperable i.e., made FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Re-usable). Indeed, FAIR data principles serve as guidelines for making scientific data suitable for reuse, by both people and machines, under clearly defined conditions. 
We propose to identify existing metadata standards that cover the needs of the GNSS community to the maximum extent and to extend them and/or to develop an application profile, considering also best practices at other GNSS data repositories. 

Here we present two proposals for metadata to be provided to the users when querying and/or downloading GNSS data from GNSS data repositories. 
We first consider metadata containing station-specific information (e.g., station owner, GNSS equipment) and propose an extension of GeodesyML, an XML implementation of the eGeodesy model aligned with international standards such as ISO19115-1:2014 and OGC's GML. The proposed extension contains additional classes and properties from domain specific vocabularies when necessary, and includes extra metadata such as data license, file provenance information, etc. to comply with FAIR data principles. All proposed changes to GeodesyML are optional and therefore guarantee full backwards compatibility. 

Secondly, we consider metadata related to GNSS observation data i.e. RINEX data files. We propose an application profile based on the specifications of the Data Catalog Vocabulary (DCAT), a RDF vocabulary that, by design, facilitates the interoperability between data portals (supporting DCAT-based RDF documents) and enables publishing metadata directly on the web by using different formats.
In particular, our proposal (GNSS-DCAT-AP) includes new recommended metadata classes to describe the specific characteristics of GNSS observation data: the type of RINEX file (e.g., compression format, frequency); the RINEX file header and information regarding the GNSS station including the GNSS antenna and receiver; the software used to generate the RINEX  file. Additional optional classes allow the inclusion of information regarding the GNSS antenna, receiver and monument associated with the GNSS station and extracted from the IGS site log or GeodesyML files

How to cite: Miglio, A., Fabian, A., Bruyninx, C., De Bodt, S., Legrand, J., Oset Garcia, P., and Van Nieuwerburgh, I.: Proposed metadata standards for FAIR access to GNSS data, EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23–27 May 2022, EGU22-11968, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-11968, 2022.

The European Plate Observing System EPOS is the single coordinated framework for solid Earth science data, products and services on a European level. As one of the science domain structures within EPOS, EPOS Seismology brings together the three large European infrastructures in seismology: ORFEUS for seismic waveform data & related products, EMSC for parametric earthquake information, and EFEHR for seismic hazard and risk information. Across these three pillars, EPOS Seismology provides services to store, discover and access seismological data and products from raw waveforms to elaborated hazard and risk assessment.

ORFEUS, EMSC and EFEHR are community initiatives / infrastructures that each have their own history, structure, membership, governance and established mode of work (including data sharing and distribution practices), developed in parts over decades. While many institutions and individuals are engaged in more than one of these initiatives, overall the active membership is quite distinct. Also, each of the initiatives has different connections to and interactions with other international organisations. Common to all is the adoption and promotion of recognized international standards for data, products and services originating from wider community organisations (e.g. FDSN, IASPEI, GEM), and the active participation in developing those further or creating new ones together with the community.     

In this presentation we will briefly review the history and development of the three initiatives and discuss how we set up EPOS Seismology as a joint coordination framework within EPOS. We will highlight issues encountered on the way and those that we are still trying to solve in our attempt to create and operate a coordinated research infrastructure that appropriately serves the needs of today’s scientific community. Among those issues is also the ‘timeliness’ of data and products: while a number of services offer almost-real-time access to newly available information at least in theory, this comes with various downstream implications that are currently actively discussed. We also cover the envisaged role of EPOS Seismology in supporting international multi-disciplinary activities that require and benefit from harmonized, open, and interoperable data, products, services and facilities from the waveform, catalogue and hazard / risk domains of seismology.

How to cite: Haslinger, F., Ottemöller, L., Cauzzi, C., Custodio, S., Bossu, R., Michelini, A., Cotton, F., Crowley, H., Danciu, L., Molinari, I., and Parolai, S.: Facilitating Multi-Disciplinary Research via Integrated Access to the Seismological Data & Product Services of EPOS Seismology, EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23–27 May 2022, EGU22-10071, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-10071, 2022.

The European Plate Observing System (EPOS) is a European project about building a pan-European infrastructure for accessing solid Earth science data, governed now by EPOS ERIC (European Research Infrastructure Consortium). The EPOS-Norway project (EPOS-N; RCN-Infrastructure Programme - Project no. 245763) is a Norwegian project funded by National Research Council. The aim of the Norwegian EPOS e‑infrastructure is to integrate data from the seismological and geodetic networks, as well as the data from the geological and geophysical data repositories. Among the six EPOS-N project partners, four institutions are providing data – University of Bergen (UIB), - Norwegian Mapping Authority (NMA), Geological Survey of Norway (NGU) and NORSAR.

In this contribution, we present the EPOS-Norway Portal as an online, open access, interactive tool, allowing visual analysis of multidimensional data. It supports maps and 2D plots with linked visualizations. Currently access is provided to more than 300 datasets (18 web services, 288 map layers and 14 static datasets) from four subdomains of Earth science in Norway. New datasets are planned to be integrated in the future. EPOS-N Portal can access remote datasets via web services like FDSNWS for seismological data and OGC services for geological and geophysical data (e.g. WMS). Standalone datasets are available through preloaded data files. Users can also simply add another WMS server or upload their own dataset for visualization and comparison with other datasets. This portal provides unique way (first of its kind in Norway) for exploration of various geoscientific datasets in one common interface. One of the key aspects is quick simultaneous visual inspection of data from various disciplines and test of scientific or geohazard related hypothesis. One of such examples can be spatio-temporal correlation of earthquakes (1980 until now) with existing critical infrastructures (e.g. pipelines), geological structures, submarine landslides or unstable slopes. 

The EPOS-N Portal is implemented by adapting Enlighten-web, a server-client program developed by NORCE. Enlighten-web facilitates interactive visual analysis of large multidimensional data sets, and supports interactive mapping of millions of points. The Enlighten-web client runs inside a web browser. An important element in the Enlighten-web functionality is brushing and linking, which is useful for exploring complex data sets to discover correlations and interesting properties hidden in the data. The views are linked to each other, so that highlighting a subset in one view automatically leads to the corresponding subsets being highlighted in all other linked views.

How to cite: Michalek, J., Atakan, K., Rønnevik, C., Kverme, S., Ottemøller, L., Natvik, Ø., Langeland, T., Lampe, O. D., Fonnes, G., Cook, J., Christensen, J. M., Baadshaug, U., Kierulf, H. P., Grøtan, B.-O., Olesen, O., Dehls, J., and Maupin, V.: EPOS-Norway Portal, EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23–27 May 2022, EGU22-5478, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-5478, 2022.

The Data Services of IRIS and the Geodetic Data Services of UNAVCO have been supporting the seismological and geodetic research communities for many decades.  Historically, these two facilities have independently managed data repositories on self-managed systems.  As part of merger activities between IRIS and UNAVCO, we have established a project to design, develop and implement a common, cloud-based platform.  Goals of this project include operational improvements such as cost-effectiveness, robustness, on-demand scalability, significant growth potential and increased adaptability for new data types.  While we expect a number of operational improvements, we anticipate a number of additional benefits for the research communities we serve.

The new platform will provide services for data queries across the internal repositories.  This will provide researchers with an easier path to discovery, and access to integratable data sets of related geophysical data.

Researchers will be able to conduct their data processing in the same, or data-proximate, cloud as the platform, taking advantage of copious and affordable computation offered by such environments.  Following the paradigm of moving the computation to the data, this will avoid the time and resource consuming need to transfer the data over the internet.  Furthermore, the adoption of cloud-optimized data containers and direct access by researchers will support efficient processing.  In cases where transferring large volumes of data are still necessary, the large capacity of cloud storage systems will allow enhanced mechanisms such as Globus for transfer, which we will be exploring.

For many users a transition of the data repositories to a new environment will be nearly seamless.  This will be made possible by implementing many of the same services already supported by the current facilities, such as the suite of FDSN web services.  The project is currently in a prototyping stage, and we anticipate having a complete design by the end of 2022.  We will report on the status of the project, anticipated directions and challenges identified so far.

How to cite: Trabant, C., Berglund, H., Carter, J., and Mencin, D.: Developing a Next Generation Platform for Geodetic, Seismological and Other Geophysical Data Sets and Services, EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23–27 May 2022, EGU22-8905, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-8905, 2022.

As science and technology evolve, interdisciplinary targets are anything but static, introducing additional levels of complexity and challenging further the initiatives to break the barriers to interdisciplinary research. For over a decade the community of the Environmental Research Infrastructures, forming the ENVRI cluster, has been building strong foundations to overcome these challenges and benefit the environmental sciences. One of the overarching goals of the ENVRI cluster is to provide more FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data and services which will be open to everyone who wishes to get access to environmental observations, from scientists and research communities of scientifically diverse clusters to curious citizens, data scientists and policy makers.

Starting with domain-specific use cases we further explore potential cross-domain cases, e.g. in the form of environmental science stories crossing disciplinary boundaries. A set of Jupyter Notebooks developed by the contributing Research Infrastructures (and accessible from a hub of services called the ENVRI-Hub) are promising tools to demonstrate and validate the capabilities of service provision among ENVRIs and across Science Clusters, and act as examples of what a user can achieve through the ENVRI-Hub. In one of the examples we investigate, a user-friendly well-structured Jupyter Notebook that makes use of research infrastructures’ application programming interfaces (APIs) jointly plots in a map the geographical locations of several Marine and Atmospheric stations (where the stations in this example are defined as measurement points actively collecting data). The FAIR principles provide a firm foundation defining the layer that supports the ENVRI-Hub structure and the preliminary results are promising. Considering that the APIs can become discoverable via a common ENVRI catalogue, the ENVRI-Hub aims to make full use of the machine-actionability of such a catalogue in the future to facilitate this kind of use case execution in the Hub itself.

Acknowledgement: ENVRI-FAIR has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 824068. This work is only possible with the collaboration of the ENVRI-FAIR partners and thanks to the joint efforts of the whole ENVRI team.

How to cite: Adamaki, A. K., Gomes, A. R., Vermeulen, A., Asmi, A., and Petzold, A.: Breaking the barriers to interdisciplinarity: Contributions from the Environmental Research Infrastructures, EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23–27 May 2022, EGU22-9421, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-9421, 2022.

AuScope, founded in 2006, is the provider of research infrastructure to Australia’s  Earth and geospatial science community. Its unifying strategic goals include building the Downward Looking Telescope (DLT) (a metaphor for an integrated system of Earth and geospatial instruments, services, data and analytics to enable scientists to understand Earth’s evolution through time) and exploring how Earth resources may support growing human demands. The AuScope Virtual Research Environment (AVRE) program is responsible for enabling the DLT through providing persistent access to required data and tools from a diverse range of Australian research organisations, government geological surveys and the international community.

In 2009 AuScope released a portal to provide online access to evolved data products to specific groups of users. Subsequently, this portal was combined with online tools to create the AVRE platform of specialised Virtual Laboratories that enabled the execution of explicit workflows. By 2021 it was recognised that AVRE should modernise and take advantage of new technologies that could empower researchers to access higher storage capacities and wider varieties of computational processing options. AVRE also needed to leverage notebooks, containerisation and mobile solutions and facilitate a greater emphasis on ML and AI techniques. Increased storage meant researchers could access less processed, rawer forms of data, which they could then prepare for their own specific requirements, whilst the growth in Open Source software meant easy access to tools that could meet or efficiently be adapted to their needs. 

Recognising that AuScope researchers now required new mechanisms to help them find and reuse multiple resources from globally distributed sites and be able to integrate these with their own data types and tools, the AVRE informatics and technology experts began assessing the requirements for modernising the AVRE platform. The technologists reviewed other virtual research environments, research data portals, and e-commerce platforms for examples of well-designed interfaces and services that help users get the best use out of a platform. 

We then undertook a series of interactive consultations across a broad range of AuScope researchers (geophysics, geochemistry, geospatial, geology, etc). We accepted there were multiple requirements, from simple data processing on small volume data sets through to complex data modelling and assimilation at petascale, and openly acknowledged that there were numerous ways of processing: one size would not fit all.

In the consultations, we focussed on the context that AVRE was about enabling researchers to use a diversity of resources to realise the AuScope strategic goal of the DLT. We recognised that this would require an ability to meet the specialised requirements of a broad range of the current individual AuScope geoscience programs, but at the same time, there was a need to allow for future integration with global transdisciplinary challenges that explore how Earth resources may support growing human demands.

In this presentation, we will discuss the outcomes from our consultations with various AuScope Programs and will present initial plans for a co-designed, re-engineered AVRE platform to meet the expressed needs of a diverse range of DLT developers and users.

How to cite: Klump, J., Engelke, U., Fazio, V., Golodoniuc, P., Wyborn, L., and Rawling, T.: Reimagining the AuScope Virtual Research Environment Through Human-Centred Design, EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23–27 May 2022, EGU22-3261, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-3261, 2022.