Challenges, best practices and case examples in muon imaging

Muography is an inherently multidisciplinary field, and as such presents a wide range of practical and methodological challenges. Regarding instrumentation, the environment drastically differs from the high energy physics laboratory conditions. In addition, the choice of measurement location and the instrument with the most suitable parameters is far from obvious: one needs to balance between improving detection sensitivity (e.g. moving closer to the target) and local possibilities (accessibility, safety). The presentation gives an overview of successful implementations, with detailed case examples with participation of Wigner Research Centre for Physics. Detectors on the surface need to cope with daily thermal cycling and intermittent high humidity periods, as apparent at the Sakurajima Muography Observatory, or imaging a medieval castle in Sicily. Underground detectors on the other hand require fast and efficient installation, since such environments -- particularly mining -- safety concerns limit personal access. Examples include mines from Finland and Bosnia and Herczegovina. From the point of view of methodology, the presentation will discuss the data quality requirement for three dimensional density map reconstruction (tomography). In case of a complicated karst structure, low density zones identified by muon tomography were confirmed by drilling.