The Modernity of Emergency Administration

What are the characteristics of emergency organisation? Emergency-generating events are extraordinary occurrences that do not fall under the general provisions of the administrative order, the resolution of which requires an ad hoc derogation from the existing order. Although it is not possible to make an exhaustive list of the events capable of generating an emergency, given also the variability of the historical and factual framework of reference, the different and heterogeneous origins of potential emergencies activate a reaction of the order that tends to be uniform. The reaction is the disruption of the order through suspension, which translates into a momentary freezing of the effectiveness of rules and principles, or exemption.
Emergency must be distinguished from risk. While risk is inherent in the predictability of the event, which can be regulated by law insofar as it is referable to a general and abstract case, the emergency is configured as an unforeseen and unforeseeable situation that is normally not explicitly regulated by the law in force and that must be dealt with as an exception to the system of legally recognised values. 
The administrative organisation must know how to plan for possible emergencies in order to prevent them, or mitigate their possible effects, by working on the level of prevention. This requires experts. The lack of preventive planning in many sectors forces us to focus on emergency planning itself, which is not aimed at avoiding the emergency but, where it has already occurred, at responding in the most appropriate way. The civil protection plan must, in fact, identify the tasks and responsibilities of administrations, expert structures and organisations with regard to the activation of specific actions in the event of impending danger or emergency, ensuring clarity with regard to the chain of command. It must then define the human resources, materials and means necessary to deal with possible emergencies, thus planning upstream the available equipment.
Downstream from the planning, the need for coordination of management competences between administrations emerges when the serious and extraordinary situation has already occurred. The competences inherent in the emergency change at the moment when the expected event materialises, thus creating a real dichotomy between the subject in charge of avoiding or reducing the severity of the emergency before it happens and the subject that materially deals with the emergency now in progress. In order to achieve specific objectives or for particular and temporary needs of operational coordination between administrations, commissioners perform extraordinary functions by managing large public resources. 
In short, emergency organisation has the most modern characteristics. It must be able to deviate from the system while respecting certain essential elements. It must be able to foresee risks and plan how to deal with emergencies. Finally, it is a mission administration that challenges complexity by coordinating a plurality of management skills.